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China punishes five officials for lake pollution
11 Jun 2007 12:04:17 GMT11 Jun 2007 12:04:17 GMT ## for search indexer, do not remove-->
Source: Reuters
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(Adds new pollution controls in paragraphs 11-13)
BEIJING, June 11 (Reuters) - China has sacked or otherwise punished five officials for dereliction of duty after green algae covered the country's third largest lake, prompting a drinking water crisis for millions, a newspaper said on Monday.
In late May and early June, Taihu Lake in the eastern province of Jiangsu was struck by a foul-smelling canopy of algae that left tap water undrinkable for more than 2.3 million Wuxi residents and prompted a run on bottled water for days.
A vice minister of the State Administration of Environmental Protection said on Tuesday the Taihu crisis was both a natural and manmade disaster, blaming chronic pollution on chemical plants near the lake.
Algae blooms can develop in water that is rich in nutrients, often because of run-off from heavy fertiliser use, industrial waste and untreated sewage.
The five officials received administrative demerits or dismissals for "inadequate work" or "dereliction in supervision" when dealing with the pollution, the Oriental Morning Post said.
The officials were all from Yixing, which is under the jurisdiction of Wuxi and on the west side of the lake, and included a vice head of the local environment watchdog, the Shanghai-based newspaper said on its Web site (www.dfdaily.com).
State television had shown "appalling footage" of Yixing chemical plants pouring untreated waste water directly into the lake even at the height of the algae crisis, the newspaper said.
Premier Wen Jiabao said on Monday the government needed to do much more to tackle pollution on the lake.
"Cleaning up work in Taihu Lake has been going on for many years, but the problem has not been fundamentally solved," the official Xinhua news agency quoted him as saying on its Web site (www.xinhuanet.com).
"The Taihu Lake pollution incident should ring alarm bells for us, and cause us to pay the highest attention," he added.
The government has ordered all towns around the lake to build sewage treatment plants and make sure chemical factories meet water emission standards by next June, Xinhua said.
"Towns must set up sewage treatment plants and are forbidden from discharging untreated sewage to Taihu Lake and to rivers in the Taihu valley," it added.
"Chemical factories that fail to meet the new water emission standard risk suspension. They will be shut down permanently if they still fail to meet the standard by the end of next June," the report said.
Tap water returned to normal in Wuxi after emergency measures such as diverting water from the Yangtze River and seeding clouds to provoke rainfall.
Wu Lihong, an environment activist from Yixing and a long-time whistle-blower of Taihu pollution, is to stand trial on a charge of blackmail this month, a charge some say was trumped up by vengeful officials.
China's rivers and lakes have been suffering from worsening pollution amid rapid industrialisation in recent decades.
Saturday, June 23, 2007
食品价格上涨──弥漫全球的阴影
信源：香港《经济导报》｜编辑：2007-06-23｜ 网址：http://www.popyard.org
抄送朋友｜打印保留
八阕 http://www.popyard.org
【八阕】张锐／6月15日，法国小麦期货价格上涨至181欧元，创下自1998年该合约推出以来的最高价位；美国芝加哥7月小麦合约价格跃升28.5美分，至每蒲式耳6.18美元的11年新高。由此推动的全球食品价格上涨被进一步定格。
全球性普涨
值得注意的是，本次食品价格的上涨与上个世纪70年代初一样具有扩张性与全球性，几乎没有哪个国家不感受到食品价格上涨带来的影响。
美国扮演著全球食品价格上涨的急先锋。据美国商务部调整季节变动后的数字显示，今年以来美国国内食品价格已经上涨了6.7%，如果今年余下时间食品价格照此水平上涨，这将是1980年以来最大的年增长幅度。
欧洲地区食品价格上涨的势头同样格外明显。据英国消费者价格指数显示，该国截止目前的食品价格年增长率达到了6%，是近六年来的最高水准。
亚洲国家同样没有逃过此轮食品价格上涨的风波。在印度，食品价格10％的年增幅创下了上世纪90年代后期以来的最高纪录；在中国，食品价格正在以高出其他商品价格两倍多的速度上涨，特别是刚过去的5月份上涨了7.1%，上涨率达到了上世纪90年代末期以来的最高水准。
需要特别指出的是，在持续走高的食品价格上，经济全球化是一个不容回避的原因。的确，全球化曾是抑制通胀的一个积极因素，但随著全球化的深入，各国经济相互影响，一个国家产品价格的上扬同样可以传递和影响到另一个国家。最为代表性的是在其他国家食品价格上涨力量的拉动下，南美洲的阿根廷等国的土地价格迅速上升，南美许多农场主纷纷放弃传统农产品的种植，把土地投入到大豆等出口产品的种植上，从而提高了其国内农产品的价格。
供求因素的作用
食品价格的上涨的最强大推动力来自于农业原材料----粮食价格的上涨。根据世界银行的报告，世界粮食价格自2006年至今已经上涨了约20%，2007年还会继续上涨，其中特别是玉米、小麦等价格的暴涨构成了食品价格上涨的“罪魁祸首”。目前，玉米和小麦价格已双双触及十多年来最高水准。由于小麦、玉米等被广泛用作于食品加工和养殖行业，食品价格的上涨在所难免。除了成本推动型的食品价格上涨之外，粮食供求关系的失衡也使食品价格很难得到下转的机会。世界银行的分析报告指出，目前全球粮食库存处于30年来的最低水平。国际谷物理事会（IGC）称，尽管2007~2008年全球粮食产量将增长6.2%，达到创纪录的16.66亿吨，但产量仍跟不上全球消费量。IGC预测，今年全球粮食消费量将达到16.80亿吨，较上年增长3.1%。需求大于供给的市场生态必然是粮食价格的一路看涨。
经济增速双双超过9%的印度与中国已经日益成为粮食需求的的大户。随著这些地区食物结构的改善以及恩格尔系数的降低，农产品材料的消耗也越来越大。据统计，1公斤鸡肉需要消耗3公斤的饲料，而1公斤牛肉则需要6公斤饲料。最近五年，无论是中国还是印度，对农产品进口都已经上升1倍，从而直接推升了小麦、玉米、牛奶和食用油等农产品价格。
面对著食品价格的上涨和粮食供求关系的失衡，许多国家纷纷调整自己的进出口管理政策。如印度政府宣布2007年全年禁止小麦出口，乌克兰对小麦出口实行了许可证和配额制度，使小麦出口实际上陷于停滞，澳大利亚、南美等粮食出口地纷纷开始提高了粮食出口价格，一定程度上恶化了食品价格进一步上涨的市场环境。
天灾与人祸
这次急速上升的食品价格还得到了许多外在因素的强烈作用，特别是生物燃料产业的兴起与扩张将食品价格推倒了一条可能大步前进的快道。
全球气候变暖所导致一系列恶劣自然天气已经开始无情地危及著农业生产。最近五年，作为世界粮食主要出口国的澳洲接连爆发百年一遇的干旱。在美国，头号冬小麦种植区─堪萨斯州的过量降雨天气已经导致农田的被淹和小麦作物的倒伏。在世界第八大小麦出口国乌克兰，持续的干旱已经导致40万公顷的小麦作物颗粒无收，同样罗马尼亚今年小麦产量也因干旱可能创下四年来的低点。
更让人惊讶地是，气候异常还造成土豆和花生等农作物的野生亲缘植物灭绝。世界农业研究咨询小组日前发布报告称，预计未来50年，51种野生花生中有超过60%会灭绝，108种野生土豆中12%会灭绝。粮食和食品的安全由此敲响了长期性警钟。
如果说人类面对著气候的惩罚将会采取积极行动如减少二氧化碳的排放量以改善农作物的生长条件进而从供给的角度抑制粮食价格的上涨等，那么时下受许多国家鼓励和支持的生物燃料行业就有可能将将粮食与食品价格导向反面。近年来国际市场能源价格突飞猛进，迫使包括美国在内的许多国家将粮食产品用于乙醇和生物柴油的生产，生物能源产业方兴未艾。数据表明，目前美国已经有上百家工厂生产乙醇燃料，预计2008年这些厂家将耗费大约1.3亿吨玉米，相当于全国玉米产量的一半，而且有专家预计，到2008年，美国约有30％的粮食可能会用于生产乙醇。同样，印度目前已有九个州和三个地区下令使用调和5％乙醇的汽油。国际货币基金组织在《世界经济展望》报告中警告说，对生物燃料的需求已经导致玉米和大豆价格的上升。
覆压全球经济的阴影
客观而言，食品价格背后的农产品价格上涨并非对所有人都是坏事，尤其是发展中国家农村贫困人口的收入将因此而增加。但是从全球经济的发展角度审视，食品价格的上涨还是弊大于利。
世界范围内的食品生产行业无疑是食品价格上涨的最先接棒者。虽然食品公司可以将价格上涨成本转嫁到消费者身上，但农产品价格持续上涨的前景意味著，食品行业利润可能受到挤压。
消费者除了承接食品公司的价格转嫁负担之外，其正常的生活秩序也将不可避免受到直接冲击。由于担心食品价格会进一步上扬，消费者必然会非理性地增加相关购物的支出，与此同时减少其他方面的支出。世界银行警告，未来18个月的食品价格上涨可能给贫穷国家造成严重后果，当地的购买力将成为一个严重的问题。
由于食品价格在发展中国家CPI中所占权重高达40%以上，特别是菲律宾，食品在消费者价格指数所含的商品中占据了50％的比例，因此，食品价格上升带来的通货膨胀风险可能最大。当地中央银行的升息压力也与日俱增。
当然，由于食品价格的上涨，发达国家的CPI目前也呈现出不断攀高的景象。目前美国的通货膨胀为3%，处于历史高位；欧盟27国的最新通胀率为2.1%，突破了欧央行控制的范围，特别是英国，消费物价水平已经上升到3%，远高于英国央行2%的调控目标。对此，各国已经不约而同地拿起了升息的武器。经济学家认为，各国央行的加息必然会导致投资下降、经济增长放缓，一旦措施不当，更可能对市场发展造成巨大破坏，重蹈上世纪70年代全球经济因加息过猛等多种原因陷入滞胀的覆辙。在中国，食品价格在5月份上涨了7.1%，上涨率达到了上世纪90年代末期以来的最高水准。
抄送朋友｜打印保留
八阕 http://www.popyard.org
【八阕】张锐／6月15日，法国小麦期货价格上涨至181欧元，创下自1998年该合约推出以来的最高价位；美国芝加哥7月小麦合约价格跃升28.5美分，至每蒲式耳6.18美元的11年新高。由此推动的全球食品价格上涨被进一步定格。
全球性普涨
值得注意的是，本次食品价格的上涨与上个世纪70年代初一样具有扩张性与全球性，几乎没有哪个国家不感受到食品价格上涨带来的影响。
美国扮演著全球食品价格上涨的急先锋。据美国商务部调整季节变动后的数字显示，今年以来美国国内食品价格已经上涨了6.7%，如果今年余下时间食品价格照此水平上涨，这将是1980年以来最大的年增长幅度。
欧洲地区食品价格上涨的势头同样格外明显。据英国消费者价格指数显示，该国截止目前的食品价格年增长率达到了6%，是近六年来的最高水准。
亚洲国家同样没有逃过此轮食品价格上涨的风波。在印度，食品价格10％的年增幅创下了上世纪90年代后期以来的最高纪录；在中国，食品价格正在以高出其他商品价格两倍多的速度上涨，特别是刚过去的5月份上涨了7.1%，上涨率达到了上世纪90年代末期以来的最高水准。
需要特别指出的是，在持续走高的食品价格上，经济全球化是一个不容回避的原因。的确，全球化曾是抑制通胀的一个积极因素，但随著全球化的深入，各国经济相互影响，一个国家产品价格的上扬同样可以传递和影响到另一个国家。最为代表性的是在其他国家食品价格上涨力量的拉动下，南美洲的阿根廷等国的土地价格迅速上升，南美许多农场主纷纷放弃传统农产品的种植，把土地投入到大豆等出口产品的种植上，从而提高了其国内农产品的价格。
供求因素的作用
食品价格的上涨的最强大推动力来自于农业原材料----粮食价格的上涨。根据世界银行的报告，世界粮食价格自2006年至今已经上涨了约20%，2007年还会继续上涨，其中特别是玉米、小麦等价格的暴涨构成了食品价格上涨的“罪魁祸首”。目前，玉米和小麦价格已双双触及十多年来最高水准。由于小麦、玉米等被广泛用作于食品加工和养殖行业，食品价格的上涨在所难免。除了成本推动型的食品价格上涨之外，粮食供求关系的失衡也使食品价格很难得到下转的机会。世界银行的分析报告指出，目前全球粮食库存处于30年来的最低水平。国际谷物理事会（IGC）称，尽管2007~2008年全球粮食产量将增长6.2%，达到创纪录的16.66亿吨，但产量仍跟不上全球消费量。IGC预测，今年全球粮食消费量将达到16.80亿吨，较上年增长3.1%。需求大于供给的市场生态必然是粮食价格的一路看涨。
经济增速双双超过9%的印度与中国已经日益成为粮食需求的的大户。随著这些地区食物结构的改善以及恩格尔系数的降低，农产品材料的消耗也越来越大。据统计，1公斤鸡肉需要消耗3公斤的饲料，而1公斤牛肉则需要6公斤饲料。最近五年，无论是中国还是印度，对农产品进口都已经上升1倍，从而直接推升了小麦、玉米、牛奶和食用油等农产品价格。
面对著食品价格的上涨和粮食供求关系的失衡，许多国家纷纷调整自己的进出口管理政策。如印度政府宣布2007年全年禁止小麦出口，乌克兰对小麦出口实行了许可证和配额制度，使小麦出口实际上陷于停滞，澳大利亚、南美等粮食出口地纷纷开始提高了粮食出口价格，一定程度上恶化了食品价格进一步上涨的市场环境。
天灾与人祸
这次急速上升的食品价格还得到了许多外在因素的强烈作用，特别是生物燃料产业的兴起与扩张将食品价格推倒了一条可能大步前进的快道。
全球气候变暖所导致一系列恶劣自然天气已经开始无情地危及著农业生产。最近五年，作为世界粮食主要出口国的澳洲接连爆发百年一遇的干旱。在美国，头号冬小麦种植区─堪萨斯州的过量降雨天气已经导致农田的被淹和小麦作物的倒伏。在世界第八大小麦出口国乌克兰，持续的干旱已经导致40万公顷的小麦作物颗粒无收，同样罗马尼亚今年小麦产量也因干旱可能创下四年来的低点。
更让人惊讶地是，气候异常还造成土豆和花生等农作物的野生亲缘植物灭绝。世界农业研究咨询小组日前发布报告称，预计未来50年，51种野生花生中有超过60%会灭绝，108种野生土豆中12%会灭绝。粮食和食品的安全由此敲响了长期性警钟。
如果说人类面对著气候的惩罚将会采取积极行动如减少二氧化碳的排放量以改善农作物的生长条件进而从供给的角度抑制粮食价格的上涨等，那么时下受许多国家鼓励和支持的生物燃料行业就有可能将将粮食与食品价格导向反面。近年来国际市场能源价格突飞猛进，迫使包括美国在内的许多国家将粮食产品用于乙醇和生物柴油的生产，生物能源产业方兴未艾。数据表明，目前美国已经有上百家工厂生产乙醇燃料，预计2008年这些厂家将耗费大约1.3亿吨玉米，相当于全国玉米产量的一半，而且有专家预计，到2008年，美国约有30％的粮食可能会用于生产乙醇。同样，印度目前已有九个州和三个地区下令使用调和5％乙醇的汽油。国际货币基金组织在《世界经济展望》报告中警告说，对生物燃料的需求已经导致玉米和大豆价格的上升。
覆压全球经济的阴影
客观而言，食品价格背后的农产品价格上涨并非对所有人都是坏事，尤其是发展中国家农村贫困人口的收入将因此而增加。但是从全球经济的发展角度审视，食品价格的上涨还是弊大于利。
世界范围内的食品生产行业无疑是食品价格上涨的最先接棒者。虽然食品公司可以将价格上涨成本转嫁到消费者身上，但农产品价格持续上涨的前景意味著，食品行业利润可能受到挤压。
消费者除了承接食品公司的价格转嫁负担之外，其正常的生活秩序也将不可避免受到直接冲击。由于担心食品价格会进一步上扬，消费者必然会非理性地增加相关购物的支出，与此同时减少其他方面的支出。世界银行警告，未来18个月的食品价格上涨可能给贫穷国家造成严重后果，当地的购买力将成为一个严重的问题。
由于食品价格在发展中国家CPI中所占权重高达40%以上，特别是菲律宾，食品在消费者价格指数所含的商品中占据了50％的比例，因此，食品价格上升带来的通货膨胀风险可能最大。当地中央银行的升息压力也与日俱增。
当然，由于食品价格的上涨，发达国家的CPI目前也呈现出不断攀高的景象。目前美国的通货膨胀为3%，处于历史高位；欧盟27国的最新通胀率为2.1%，突破了欧央行控制的范围，特别是英国，消费物价水平已经上升到3%，远高于英国央行2%的调控目标。对此，各国已经不约而同地拿起了升息的武器。经济学家认为，各国央行的加息必然会导致投资下降、经济增长放缓，一旦措施不当，更可能对市场发展造成巨大破坏，重蹈上世纪70年代全球经济因加息过猛等多种原因陷入滞胀的覆辙。在中国，食品价格在5月份上涨了7.1%，上涨率达到了上世纪90年代末期以来的最高水准。
Tuesday, May 22, 2007
Solving a ‘Dilemma’: Book inspires omnivores to buy meat on the hoof
By Sharon Stello/Enterprise staff writer
In Carla Hunt’s barn, three grunting pigs race back and forth across the straw in their long pen. The sheep next door lets out a loud “baa.” Two doe-eyed steers munch on grass in their corral.
The 9-acre property is only a few miles west of Davis, but it’s a world away for a group of suburban moms — and one dad — who began raising their own animals for food after reading Michael Pollan’s book, “The Omnivore’s Dilemma,” for the UC Davis Campus Community Book Project last fall.
In the book, Pollan explores the origin of several meals, following them from farm to table. The UC Berkeley journalism professor visits an Iowa cornfield, buys a steer that will one day be sold as beef, tries hunting and gathering, and examines an organic meal and one from McDonald’s. And he unveils how many grocery store products are made from corn.
Hunt’s book group read “Omnivore’s Dilemma,” which left members shocked by the details of industrial agriculture and led them to raise their own animals. This way, they could eat the meat with a clear conscience, knowing what the animals were fed and how they were treated.
“I thought, we could do this — we could raise our own meat for our own families … for one year,” Hunt said.
She sent out an e-mail suggesting the project, offering to keep the animals on her property in West Plainfield. Out of 15 in the book club, about half responded “yes.” The group includes seven women and one man, whose wife is in the book club, with occupations ranging from college professor to stay-at-home mom.
They held a planning meeting in late October and the next month bought seven ducks, two dairy steers and three pigs. Now, they’re preparing to add two lambs, two goats and maybe some chickens. Each person takes a shift to feed the animals, often bringing their children who range from toddlers to teens.
Last Saturday, the group met to feed the animals, muck out stalls and hang bamboo mats to create shade for the pigs. They also moved the cattle corral — electric fencing — to give the steers a new patch of grass to eat. They took a break to talk about the project.
‘What it means’
Hunt, who works as a store manager at Impossible Acres u-pick farm, said it became difficult to eat a store-bought steak after driving down Interstate 5, past the smelly livestock areas with cattle crammed together.
“I feel bad about eating meat,” said Hunt, who often buys locally raised meat at the Yolo County 4-H auction.
Jo Andrews, a political science professor at UC Davis, said Pollan’s book was really inspiring. She joined the group to “be more aware of what it means to eat meat.”
She also wanted better tasting meat, noting that pork bought in the stores doesn’t taste as good as it once did.
Romana Norton, who is working on her doctorate in counseling psychology through the University of Wisconsin-Madison, agreed that meat in stores is “tasteless.” She was shocked into change after learning how livestock is raised on commercial farms.
“Reading Pollan’s book and learning kind of the minutia of industrial farming was stunning,” Norton said. “I couldn’t live with the knowledge anymore. When the walls came down, there was no going back for me.”
Aside from the animals’ treatment and prevalent use of antibiotics, Norton was appalled by the amount of pollution produced by farms, not to mention emissions from trucking meat to the stores.
“It’s hard to change your pattern of buying, your consumption pattern, but we’re doing it I think,” Norton said.
Donna Dekker had similar reasons for joining the group.
“I wanted to thumb my nose at industrial agriculture because it’s ecologically unnatural, unsustainable and inhumane,” said Dekker, an adjunct professor who teaches biology and natural resources at American River College.
A lot of work
Cynthia Goldberg wanted to know more about the process of raising animals.
“I thought it would be an adventure. I’m a suburban girl,” said Goldberg, who coordinates junior high school career days and works with Pride Industries, which provides vocational rehabilitation for disabled adults.
“If I’m going to eat meat, I need to recognize that they’re animals. I liked the idea of knowing where it came from and having some control over it so it would be healthier,” Goldberg said.
She was surprised to learn how much energy goes into raising a pig or a steer.
“We were so distanced from it. It’s expensive and now I get why it’s expensive,” she said.
Others in the group include Audrey Haverstock and Jeff DeRopp. Betty Giles, a stay-at-home mom, was one of the last to join. She wanted to learn more about the farming lifestyle in which her husband was raised in Georgia.
“I am total ‘city’ and total ‘buy my food at the grocery store,’ ” Giles said. “It’s been fun, but it’s a lot of work.”
Emotional distance
Some of the group’s animals were not yet weaned when they arrived on the farm. The group bottle-fed the steers and gave the piglets milk in a bowl. Yet, group members say they haven’t grown attached to the animals in the way they would a pet.
“You really make a different connection than your horse or your dog or your cat,” Hunt said.
Goldberg said while the animals were cute when they were little, now the pigs are getting ornery, which makes it easier to accept their fate as food. But she realizes it still may be difficult to say goodbye.
“I think the last day that we feed them, that will be a hard day,” Goldberg said.
They jokingly call the steers Thing 1 and Thing 2, and the pigs Pork Chop, Bacon and Prime Rib, trying not to give pet names to the animals they will eventually eat.
The group already raised and slaughtered some ducks.
“They were quite delicious,” Hunt said.
However, the experience made the group decide to hire someone to handle the rest of their slaughtering. The duck killing day won’t soon be forgotten.
“That was really traumatic,” Hunt said.
Without going into too much detail, there was a tree stump and an ax.
“It was really hard to bring that ax down,” Hunt said.
“It was super emotional,” Andrews said. “It was really intense.”
Norton said the experience has made her more appreciative of meat. She has found herself eating it less often. But when meat is served, she makes sure to eat it all.
“After killing the ducks, I was very cognizant of food waste,” Norton said.
Dekker said killing the animal was “a challenging moment.”
“It’s given me a greater appreciation of what it means when you take a life and eat it,” she said. “I’ll think about these guys every time I pull a package out of the freezer.”
Antibiotics?
The project has generated discussion about whether to feed their cattle grass or grain and whether to give antibiotics.
The two dairy steers eat rye grass growing on Hunt’s property. The group also feeds the steers some grain — “sweet COB” which stands for corn, oats and barley mixed with molasses. They decided it’s OK to supplement the steers’ diet with corn because it will give the meat a better flavor.
The pigs are fed a grain blend called “commercial hog” and produce trimmings — lettuce, celery, turnips and apples — from the Davis Food Co-op.
Originally, the group decided not to give the animals any antibiotics. But then, one of the steers developed an infection after castration and a pig developed pink eye. So they opted to give antibiotics as needed, but not as a preventative measure.
Andrews is keeping track of their costs. It looks like the meat they raise will be “more expensive than Costco meat” but less expensive than buying grass-fed, free-range meat at a high-end grocery store.
Either way, group members said the experience is worth it.
“It’s not even about the money as much as the learning experience,” Hunt said.
— Reach Sharon Stello at sstello@davisenterprise.net or 747-8043.
Sunday, March 25, 2007
In Carla Hunt’s barn, three grunting pigs race back and forth across the straw in their long pen. The sheep next door lets out a loud “baa.” Two doe-eyed steers munch on grass in their corral.
The 9-acre property is only a few miles west of Davis, but it’s a world away for a group of suburban moms — and one dad — who began raising their own animals for food after reading Michael Pollan’s book, “The Omnivore’s Dilemma,” for the UC Davis Campus Community Book Project last fall.
In the book, Pollan explores the origin of several meals, following them from farm to table. The UC Berkeley journalism professor visits an Iowa cornfield, buys a steer that will one day be sold as beef, tries hunting and gathering, and examines an organic meal and one from McDonald’s. And he unveils how many grocery store products are made from corn.
Hunt’s book group read “Omnivore’s Dilemma,” which left members shocked by the details of industrial agriculture and led them to raise their own animals. This way, they could eat the meat with a clear conscience, knowing what the animals were fed and how they were treated.
“I thought, we could do this — we could raise our own meat for our own families … for one year,” Hunt said.
She sent out an e-mail suggesting the project, offering to keep the animals on her property in West Plainfield. Out of 15 in the book club, about half responded “yes.” The group includes seven women and one man, whose wife is in the book club, with occupations ranging from college professor to stay-at-home mom.
They held a planning meeting in late October and the next month bought seven ducks, two dairy steers and three pigs. Now, they’re preparing to add two lambs, two goats and maybe some chickens. Each person takes a shift to feed the animals, often bringing their children who range from toddlers to teens.
Last Saturday, the group met to feed the animals, muck out stalls and hang bamboo mats to create shade for the pigs. They also moved the cattle corral — electric fencing — to give the steers a new patch of grass to eat. They took a break to talk about the project.
‘What it means’
Hunt, who works as a store manager at Impossible Acres u-pick farm, said it became difficult to eat a store-bought steak after driving down Interstate 5, past the smelly livestock areas with cattle crammed together.
“I feel bad about eating meat,” said Hunt, who often buys locally raised meat at the Yolo County 4-H auction.
Jo Andrews, a political science professor at UC Davis, said Pollan’s book was really inspiring. She joined the group to “be more aware of what it means to eat meat.”
She also wanted better tasting meat, noting that pork bought in the stores doesn’t taste as good as it once did.
Romana Norton, who is working on her doctorate in counseling psychology through the University of Wisconsin-Madison, agreed that meat in stores is “tasteless.” She was shocked into change after learning how livestock is raised on commercial farms.
“Reading Pollan’s book and learning kind of the minutia of industrial farming was stunning,” Norton said. “I couldn’t live with the knowledge anymore. When the walls came down, there was no going back for me.”
Aside from the animals’ treatment and prevalent use of antibiotics, Norton was appalled by the amount of pollution produced by farms, not to mention emissions from trucking meat to the stores.
“It’s hard to change your pattern of buying, your consumption pattern, but we’re doing it I think,” Norton said.
Donna Dekker had similar reasons for joining the group.
“I wanted to thumb my nose at industrial agriculture because it’s ecologically unnatural, unsustainable and inhumane,” said Dekker, an adjunct professor who teaches biology and natural resources at American River College.
A lot of work
Cynthia Goldberg wanted to know more about the process of raising animals.
“I thought it would be an adventure. I’m a suburban girl,” said Goldberg, who coordinates junior high school career days and works with Pride Industries, which provides vocational rehabilitation for disabled adults.
“If I’m going to eat meat, I need to recognize that they’re animals. I liked the idea of knowing where it came from and having some control over it so it would be healthier,” Goldberg said.
She was surprised to learn how much energy goes into raising a pig or a steer.
“We were so distanced from it. It’s expensive and now I get why it’s expensive,” she said.
Others in the group include Audrey Haverstock and Jeff DeRopp. Betty Giles, a stay-at-home mom, was one of the last to join. She wanted to learn more about the farming lifestyle in which her husband was raised in Georgia.
“I am total ‘city’ and total ‘buy my food at the grocery store,’ ” Giles said. “It’s been fun, but it’s a lot of work.”
Emotional distance
Some of the group’s animals were not yet weaned when they arrived on the farm. The group bottle-fed the steers and gave the piglets milk in a bowl. Yet, group members say they haven’t grown attached to the animals in the way they would a pet.
“You really make a different connection than your horse or your dog or your cat,” Hunt said.
Goldberg said while the animals were cute when they were little, now the pigs are getting ornery, which makes it easier to accept their fate as food. But she realizes it still may be difficult to say goodbye.
“I think the last day that we feed them, that will be a hard day,” Goldberg said.
They jokingly call the steers Thing 1 and Thing 2, and the pigs Pork Chop, Bacon and Prime Rib, trying not to give pet names to the animals they will eventually eat.
The group already raised and slaughtered some ducks.
“They were quite delicious,” Hunt said.
However, the experience made the group decide to hire someone to handle the rest of their slaughtering. The duck killing day won’t soon be forgotten.
“That was really traumatic,” Hunt said.
Without going into too much detail, there was a tree stump and an ax.
“It was really hard to bring that ax down,” Hunt said.
“It was super emotional,” Andrews said. “It was really intense.”
Norton said the experience has made her more appreciative of meat. She has found herself eating it less often. But when meat is served, she makes sure to eat it all.
“After killing the ducks, I was very cognizant of food waste,” Norton said.
Dekker said killing the animal was “a challenging moment.”
“It’s given me a greater appreciation of what it means when you take a life and eat it,” she said. “I’ll think about these guys every time I pull a package out of the freezer.”
Antibiotics?
The project has generated discussion about whether to feed their cattle grass or grain and whether to give antibiotics.
The two dairy steers eat rye grass growing on Hunt’s property. The group also feeds the steers some grain — “sweet COB” which stands for corn, oats and barley mixed with molasses. They decided it’s OK to supplement the steers’ diet with corn because it will give the meat a better flavor.
The pigs are fed a grain blend called “commercial hog” and produce trimmings — lettuce, celery, turnips and apples — from the Davis Food Co-op.
Originally, the group decided not to give the animals any antibiotics. But then, one of the steers developed an infection after castration and a pig developed pink eye. So they opted to give antibiotics as needed, but not as a preventative measure.
Andrews is keeping track of their costs. It looks like the meat they raise will be “more expensive than Costco meat” but less expensive than buying grass-fed, free-range meat at a high-end grocery store.
Either way, group members said the experience is worth it.
“It’s not even about the money as much as the learning experience,” Hunt said.
— Reach Sharon Stello at sstello@davisenterprise.net or 747-8043.
Sunday, March 25, 2007
Monday, April 23, 2007
植物拉丁名书写zz
作者：爱花 来源：世外园林论坛 时间：2007-02-23 点击：3 上传：paya原文地址：
世外园林论坛
http://www.shiy.net/forum/viewthread.php?tid=4802
现在，有很多朋友都对种（species）和品种（cultivar）的概念及内涵比较模糊，不少人认为，品种就是种以下的分类单位，其实不然。在详细说明种和品种的区别与联系之前，有必要先简单的介绍一下植物的学名，假如在下面的叙述中，有些术语您不太理解，请先继续往下读，这些术语在后文中都会有解释。
一.关键词：植物学名
根据《国际植物命名法规》，植物的学名（scientific name）即拉丁名，都使用拉丁文的词或拉丁化的词来命名。在国际上，任何一个拉丁名，只对应一种植物，任何一种植物，只有一个拉丁名。这就保证了植物学名的唯一性和通用性，避免了同物异名或同名异物现象。植物学名的命名方法根据植物种类不同使用双名法或三名法。
（一）双名法
双名法是由瑞典植物学家林奈（Carl Linnaeus）发明的，它用于对种（species）一级的野生植物以及自然起源的栽培植物进行命名，双名法书写的植物学名由三部分组成（没有特别需要时，可省略成两部分），其完整内容和书写格式如下：
属名 genus epithet（斜体，首字母大写）＋种加词 species epithet（斜体，全部字母小写）＋种命名人名字（正体，首字母大写）
1.说明：
（1）种命名人名字这一项，如果命名人是著名的植物学家，他的姓氏要使用缩写形式，缩写时一定要在缩写名的右下角使用省略号“.”，名（given name）省略不写；不著名的植物学者的姓氏（family name）应该写全称，名（given name）需要使用缩写形式，但名（given name）也可省略不写。
（2）在不影响交流和科学性的情况下，种命名人的名字这一项可省略不写，这样一个双名法植物学名就省略成属名和种加词两部分了。
2.举例（因为编辑起来很麻烦，所以学名各部分的斜体和正体不做区分了，都用正体，但请注意这是不符合规范的）：
（1）中文名 垂笑君子兰 学名 Clivia nobilis Lindl. 其中 clivia 意为君子兰属，是为纪念克莱夫（Clive），将Clive拉丁化为形容词 clivia，作为这个属的属名；nobilis 是种加词，意为高贵的，壮丽的；Lindl. 是这个种的命名人，植物学家 John Lindley 的姓氏的缩写形式。
（2）中文名 大花君子兰 学名 C. miniata Regel 其中C. 是属名 clivia的缩写形式，根据规定，当同一属名重复出现时（植物学专著和索引除外），从第二次出现开始，必须使用缩写形式；种加词 miniata 意为 朱红色的，指君子兰的花色；Regel 是命名人，植物学家 Eduard Regel 姓氏的全称。
（3）中文名 窄叶君子兰 学名 C. gardenii Hook. 其中种加词 gardenii，是为纪念梅杰·加登（Major Garden），将其姓氏Garden拉丁化为名词所有格形式 gardenii ，作为这个种的种加词；Hook. 是命名人植物学家 William Jackson Hooker的姓氏缩写形式。
（4）中文名 具茎君子兰 学名 C. caulescens R. A. Dyerin 其中种加词 caulescens 意为具茎的；R. A. Dyerin 是命名人的名字，名 R. A.是缩写形式，Dyerin为姓氏全称，类似的形式还有例（3）的 William Jackson Hooker 也可写为 W. J. Hooker
（5）中文名 奇异君子兰 学名 C. mirabilis 其中种加词 mirabilis 意为奇异的，可惊愕的；种命名人名字省略。
（6）中文名 粗壮君子兰 学名 C. robusta 其中种加词 robusta 意为粗壮的；种命名人名字省略。
（二）三名法
三名法是以双名法为基础制定的，用以对种以下（变种variety，亚种subspecies，变型form ）等级的野生植物，和栽培起源的栽培植物进行命名，三名法书写的植物学名由六部分组成（没有特别需要的情况下可省略成四部分），其完整内容和书写格式如下：
属名 genus epithet（斜体，首字母大写）＋种加词 species epithet（斜体，全部字母小写）＋种命名人名字（正体，首字母大写）＋变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）符号 var. （subsp. f. cv.）〔正体，所有符号小写〕＋变种（亚种，变型，栽培）加词〔斜体，全部字母小写〕＋变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）命名人名字〔正体，首字母大写〕
1.说明：
（1）这个公式初看非常冗长繁杂，其实它就是在一个二名法种名的三部分后面再加上一个和二名法内容及书写规则完全相同的三部分变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）的名字。非常有规律。
（2）在没有特定需要的情况下，种和变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）的命名人名字都可以省略不写。这样一个三名法植物学名就省略成属名，种加词，变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）符号 和 变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）加词 四部分了。
（3）种加词和变种加词不能相同，但原变种（原亚种，原变型，原栽培变种）的种加词和变种（亚种，变型，栽培）加词必须相同。
2.举例（虽然不符合规范，但为了方便，字母仍全部用正体书写）：
（1）变种：中文名 黄花君子兰 学名 C. miniata var. aurea 其中C. miniata是大花君子兰的学名；变种符号var.是拉丁文 varietas（变种）的缩写，该符号表明 黄花君子兰（C. miniata var. aurea）是 大花君子兰（C. miniata）种内的一个变种；aurea是变种加词（variety epithet），意为金黄色的，指该变种的花色金黄；种和变种命名人的名字都省略了（后面的例子也同样省略了命名人名字）。
（2）栽培变种（也称栽培型）：中文名 ‘火焰’大花君子兰 学名 C. miniata cv.'Flame' 其中C. miniata是大花君子兰的学名；栽培变种（栽培型）符号cv. 是拉丁文cultivarietas（栽培变种/栽培型）的缩写，该符号表明‘火焰’大花君子兰（C. miniata cv.'Flame'） 是 大花君子兰（C. miniata） 种内的一个栽培变种（栽培型）；'Flame'是该栽培变种的栽培加词（cultivar epithet），英文Flame意为火焰，指该栽培变种的花色火红，花团锦簇似火焰；栽培变种比较特殊，依照《国际栽培植物命名法规》和《圣路易斯法规》的规定，栽培加词必须放在英文单引号''中间，并且栽培加词的来源非常广泛，甚至可以用阿拉伯数字和英文字母混合编号，栽培加词的个数也可以是2个或者3个，比如本例中的C. miniata cv.'Flame'的栽培加词'Flame'是一个英文单词，而 大花君子兰（C. miniata） 种内的另一个栽培变种 C. miniata cv.'Cape Red'的栽培加词'Cape Red'就是两个英文单词；栽培变种符号 cv.也可以省略不写，即C. miniata cv.'Flame'可写成C. miniata 'Flame' 由于此种省略的写法使一个栽培变种的学名只有属名，种名，栽培加词三部分，很简洁，所以应用较多。需要说明的是，有些学者认为当cv.没有被省略的时候，栽培加词不用加单引号，直接写成C. miniata cv. Flame 的形式（甚至中国植物志也这样书写），但根据《国际栽培植物命名法规》和《圣路易斯法规》的最新版规定，还是要加单引号的。
（3）变型：中文名 重瓣木芙蓉 学名 Hibiscus mutabilis f. plenus 其中H. mutabilis是木芙蓉的学名，Hibiscus意为木槿属，表明 木芙蓉（H. mutabilis） 是属于木槿属的一个种；种加词mutabilis意为易变的，指木芙蓉的花色易变化；变型符号 f.是拉丁文Forma（变型）的缩写，该符号表明 重瓣木芙蓉（Hibiscus mutabilis f. plenus） 是 木芙蓉（H. mutabilis） 种内的一个变型；plenus是变型加词（form epithet），意为重复的，丰富的，指这个变型的花瓣多重（即重瓣）。
（4）亚种：中文名 凹叶厚朴 学名 Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba 其中M. officinalis 是厚朴的学名，属名Magnolia意为 木兰属，表明 厚朴（M. officinalis） 是属于木兰属的一个种；种加词officinalis 意为 药用的，指该种植物有药用价值；亚种符号subsp.（也可以写成ssp.）是拉丁文subspecies的缩写，该符号表明 凹叶厚朴（Magnolia officinalis subsp. bilob） 是 厚朴（M. officinalis） 种内的一个亚种；biloba是亚种加词（subspecies plenus），意为二裂的，指该亚种的叶片二裂，因此叶缘出现凹陷缺刻。
世外园林论坛
http://www.shiy.net/forum/viewthread.php?tid=4802
现在，有很多朋友都对种（species）和品种（cultivar）的概念及内涵比较模糊，不少人认为，品种就是种以下的分类单位，其实不然。在详细说明种和品种的区别与联系之前，有必要先简单的介绍一下植物的学名，假如在下面的叙述中，有些术语您不太理解，请先继续往下读，这些术语在后文中都会有解释。
一.关键词：植物学名
根据《国际植物命名法规》，植物的学名（scientific name）即拉丁名，都使用拉丁文的词或拉丁化的词来命名。在国际上，任何一个拉丁名，只对应一种植物，任何一种植物，只有一个拉丁名。这就保证了植物学名的唯一性和通用性，避免了同物异名或同名异物现象。植物学名的命名方法根据植物种类不同使用双名法或三名法。
（一）双名法
双名法是由瑞典植物学家林奈（Carl Linnaeus）发明的，它用于对种（species）一级的野生植物以及自然起源的栽培植物进行命名，双名法书写的植物学名由三部分组成（没有特别需要时，可省略成两部分），其完整内容和书写格式如下：
属名 genus epithet（斜体，首字母大写）＋种加词 species epithet（斜体，全部字母小写）＋种命名人名字（正体，首字母大写）
1.说明：
（1）种命名人名字这一项，如果命名人是著名的植物学家，他的姓氏要使用缩写形式，缩写时一定要在缩写名的右下角使用省略号“.”，名（given name）省略不写；不著名的植物学者的姓氏（family name）应该写全称，名（given name）需要使用缩写形式，但名（given name）也可省略不写。
（2）在不影响交流和科学性的情况下，种命名人的名字这一项可省略不写，这样一个双名法植物学名就省略成属名和种加词两部分了。
2.举例（因为编辑起来很麻烦，所以学名各部分的斜体和正体不做区分了，都用正体，但请注意这是不符合规范的）：
（1）中文名 垂笑君子兰 学名 Clivia nobilis Lindl. 其中 clivia 意为君子兰属，是为纪念克莱夫（Clive），将Clive拉丁化为形容词 clivia，作为这个属的属名；nobilis 是种加词，意为高贵的，壮丽的；Lindl. 是这个种的命名人，植物学家 John Lindley 的姓氏的缩写形式。
（2）中文名 大花君子兰 学名 C. miniata Regel 其中C. 是属名 clivia的缩写形式，根据规定，当同一属名重复出现时（植物学专著和索引除外），从第二次出现开始，必须使用缩写形式；种加词 miniata 意为 朱红色的，指君子兰的花色；Regel 是命名人，植物学家 Eduard Regel 姓氏的全称。
（3）中文名 窄叶君子兰 学名 C. gardenii Hook. 其中种加词 gardenii，是为纪念梅杰·加登（Major Garden），将其姓氏Garden拉丁化为名词所有格形式 gardenii ，作为这个种的种加词；Hook. 是命名人植物学家 William Jackson Hooker的姓氏缩写形式。
（4）中文名 具茎君子兰 学名 C. caulescens R. A. Dyerin 其中种加词 caulescens 意为具茎的；R. A. Dyerin 是命名人的名字，名 R. A.是缩写形式，Dyerin为姓氏全称，类似的形式还有例（3）的 William Jackson Hooker 也可写为 W. J. Hooker
（5）中文名 奇异君子兰 学名 C. mirabilis 其中种加词 mirabilis 意为奇异的，可惊愕的；种命名人名字省略。
（6）中文名 粗壮君子兰 学名 C. robusta 其中种加词 robusta 意为粗壮的；种命名人名字省略。
（二）三名法
三名法是以双名法为基础制定的，用以对种以下（变种variety，亚种subspecies，变型form ）等级的野生植物，和栽培起源的栽培植物进行命名，三名法书写的植物学名由六部分组成（没有特别需要的情况下可省略成四部分），其完整内容和书写格式如下：
属名 genus epithet（斜体，首字母大写）＋种加词 species epithet（斜体，全部字母小写）＋种命名人名字（正体，首字母大写）＋变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）符号 var. （subsp. f. cv.）〔正体，所有符号小写〕＋变种（亚种，变型，栽培）加词〔斜体，全部字母小写〕＋变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）命名人名字〔正体，首字母大写〕
1.说明：
（1）这个公式初看非常冗长繁杂，其实它就是在一个二名法种名的三部分后面再加上一个和二名法内容及书写规则完全相同的三部分变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）的名字。非常有规律。
（2）在没有特定需要的情况下，种和变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）的命名人名字都可以省略不写。这样一个三名法植物学名就省略成属名，种加词，变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）符号 和 变种（亚种，变型，栽培变种）加词 四部分了。
（3）种加词和变种加词不能相同，但原变种（原亚种，原变型，原栽培变种）的种加词和变种（亚种，变型，栽培）加词必须相同。
2.举例（虽然不符合规范，但为了方便，字母仍全部用正体书写）：
（1）变种：中文名 黄花君子兰 学名 C. miniata var. aurea 其中C. miniata是大花君子兰的学名；变种符号var.是拉丁文 varietas（变种）的缩写，该符号表明 黄花君子兰（C. miniata var. aurea）是 大花君子兰（C. miniata）种内的一个变种；aurea是变种加词（variety epithet），意为金黄色的，指该变种的花色金黄；种和变种命名人的名字都省略了（后面的例子也同样省略了命名人名字）。
（2）栽培变种（也称栽培型）：中文名 ‘火焰’大花君子兰 学名 C. miniata cv.'Flame' 其中C. miniata是大花君子兰的学名；栽培变种（栽培型）符号cv. 是拉丁文cultivarietas（栽培变种/栽培型）的缩写，该符号表明‘火焰’大花君子兰（C. miniata cv.'Flame'） 是 大花君子兰（C. miniata） 种内的一个栽培变种（栽培型）；'Flame'是该栽培变种的栽培加词（cultivar epithet），英文Flame意为火焰，指该栽培变种的花色火红，花团锦簇似火焰；栽培变种比较特殊，依照《国际栽培植物命名法规》和《圣路易斯法规》的规定，栽培加词必须放在英文单引号''中间，并且栽培加词的来源非常广泛，甚至可以用阿拉伯数字和英文字母混合编号，栽培加词的个数也可以是2个或者3个，比如本例中的C. miniata cv.'Flame'的栽培加词'Flame'是一个英文单词，而 大花君子兰（C. miniata） 种内的另一个栽培变种 C. miniata cv.'Cape Red'的栽培加词'Cape Red'就是两个英文单词；栽培变种符号 cv.也可以省略不写，即C. miniata cv.'Flame'可写成C. miniata 'Flame' 由于此种省略的写法使一个栽培变种的学名只有属名，种名，栽培加词三部分，很简洁，所以应用较多。需要说明的是，有些学者认为当cv.没有被省略的时候，栽培加词不用加单引号，直接写成C. miniata cv. Flame 的形式（甚至中国植物志也这样书写），但根据《国际栽培植物命名法规》和《圣路易斯法规》的最新版规定，还是要加单引号的。
（3）变型：中文名 重瓣木芙蓉 学名 Hibiscus mutabilis f. plenus 其中H. mutabilis是木芙蓉的学名，Hibiscus意为木槿属，表明 木芙蓉（H. mutabilis） 是属于木槿属的一个种；种加词mutabilis意为易变的，指木芙蓉的花色易变化；变型符号 f.是拉丁文Forma（变型）的缩写，该符号表明 重瓣木芙蓉（Hibiscus mutabilis f. plenus） 是 木芙蓉（H. mutabilis） 种内的一个变型；plenus是变型加词（form epithet），意为重复的，丰富的，指这个变型的花瓣多重（即重瓣）。
（4）亚种：中文名 凹叶厚朴 学名 Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba 其中M. officinalis 是厚朴的学名，属名Magnolia意为 木兰属，表明 厚朴（M. officinalis） 是属于木兰属的一个种；种加词officinalis 意为 药用的，指该种植物有药用价值；亚种符号subsp.（也可以写成ssp.）是拉丁文subspecies的缩写，该符号表明 凹叶厚朴（Magnolia officinalis subsp. bilob） 是 厚朴（M. officinalis） 种内的一个亚种；biloba是亚种加词（subspecies plenus），意为二裂的，指该亚种的叶片二裂，因此叶缘出现凹陷缺刻。
Wednesday, April 4, 2007
Commencement Speech at Stanford given by Steve Jobs (2005-06-12)
Tran of Commencement Speech at Stanford given by Steve Jobs
Posted on 06/14/2005 4:18:09 PM PDT by Swordmaker
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another eighteen months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
This was the start in my life. And seventeen years later, I did go to college, but I naïvely chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.
My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was twenty. We worked hard and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned thirty, and then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so, things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at thirty, I was out, and very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life. During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story," and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don't settle.
My third story is about death. When I was 17 I read a quote that went something like "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important thing I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life, because almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few months. It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept. No one wants to die, even people who want to go to Heaven don't want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It's life's change agent; it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now, the new is you. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice, heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late Sixties, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. it was sort of like Google in paperback form thirty-five years before Google came along. I was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stuart and his team put out several issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-Seventies and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath were the words, "Stay hungry, stay foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. "Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished that for myself, and now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay hungry, stay foolish.
Thank you all, very much.
Posted on 06/14/2005 4:18:09 PM PDT by Swordmaker
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another eighteen months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
This was the start in my life. And seventeen years later, I did go to college, but I naïvely chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.
My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was twenty. We worked hard and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned thirty, and then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so, things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our board of directors sided with him, and so at thirty, I was out, and very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the Valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods in my life. During the next five years I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story," and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance, and Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it, and like any great relationship it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking. Don't settle.
My third story is about death. When I was 17 I read a quote that went something like "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "no" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important thing I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life, because almost everything--all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure--these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few months. It means to make sure that everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I am fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept. No one wants to die, even people who want to go to Heaven don't want to die to get there, and yet, death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It's life's change agent; it clears out the old to make way for the new. right now, the new is you. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice, heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late Sixties, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. it was sort of like Google in paperback form thirty-five years before Google came along. I was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stuart and his team put out several issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-Seventies and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath were the words, "Stay hungry, stay foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. "Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always wished that for myself, and now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay hungry, stay foolish.
Thank you all, very much.
Monday, April 2, 2007
英特尔传奇老总Andy Grove讲事业人生
Avoid random motion.
Not all problems have a technological answer, but when they do, that is the more lasting solution.
Satisfaction doesn't come in moments but in periods of time.
Privacy is one of the biggest problems in this new electronic age. At the heart of the Internet culture is a force that wants to find out everything about you. And once it has found out everything about you and two hundred million others, that's a very valuable asset, and people will be tempted to trade and do commerce with that asset. This wasn't the information that people were thinking of when they called this the information age.
Take a bit of the future and make it your present.
Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure. Only the paranoid survive.
We're living the Next Big Thing. It's a little like living in the time when electricity was in its early stages. It took decades for electricity to change the landscape. We're in the early stages of recasting our commercial lives, our professional lives, our health practices, everything.
You have to pretend you're 100 percent sure. You have to take action; you can't hesitate or hedge your bets. Anything less will condemn your efforts to failure.
Profits are the lifeblood of enterprise. Don't let anyone tell you different.
You must understand your mistakes. Study the hell out of them. You're not going to have the chance of making the same mistake again--you can't step into the river again at the same place and the same time--but you will have the chance of making a similar mistake.
Status is a very dangerous thing. I've met too many people who make it a point of pride that they never take money out of a cash machine, people who are too good to have their own e-mail address, because that's for everybody else but not them. It's hard to fight the temptation to set yourself apart from the rest of the world.
Risk is the cost of aggressive objectives.
It's not enough to make time for your children. There are certain stages in their lives when you have to give them the time when they want it. You can't run your family like a company. It doesn't work.
Assume any career moves you make won't go smoothly. They won't. But don't look back.
A corporation is a living organism; it has to continue to shed its skin. Methods have to change. Focus has to change. Values have to change. The sum total of those changes is transformation.
Technology is both an end in itself and a means to other ends. When you figure something out and make it work, there is pleasure and excitement. Not just because the technology is going to do something, but because you created something with its own inherent beauty, like art, like literature, like music.
Denial can blind.
It is a very important truism that immigrants and immigration are what made America what it is. We must be vigilant as a nation to have a tolerance for differences, a tolerance for new people.
When you have cancer, there's always a finite chance that it will recur, so talking about the whole experience in past tense is a little presumptuous. So yes, I have faced the prospect of dying, of having a specific cause of mortality hanging over my head for the rest of my life. But I don't think the experience changed me, not that either I or anyone close to me has been able to spot.
All art is in some fashion escape. It sucks you out of your own life. It absorbs you.
Retirement is a process. You have to figure out the new rules, and you have to figure out what works under the new rules.
The most powerful tool of all is the word no. There's never enough time.
Not all problems have a technological answer, but when they do, that is the more lasting solution.
Satisfaction doesn't come in moments but in periods of time.
Privacy is one of the biggest problems in this new electronic age. At the heart of the Internet culture is a force that wants to find out everything about you. And once it has found out everything about you and two hundred million others, that's a very valuable asset, and people will be tempted to trade and do commerce with that asset. This wasn't the information that people were thinking of when they called this the information age.
Take a bit of the future and make it your present.
Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure. Only the paranoid survive.
We're living the Next Big Thing. It's a little like living in the time when electricity was in its early stages. It took decades for electricity to change the landscape. We're in the early stages of recasting our commercial lives, our professional lives, our health practices, everything.
You have to pretend you're 100 percent sure. You have to take action; you can't hesitate or hedge your bets. Anything less will condemn your efforts to failure.
Profits are the lifeblood of enterprise. Don't let anyone tell you different.
You must understand your mistakes. Study the hell out of them. You're not going to have the chance of making the same mistake again--you can't step into the river again at the same place and the same time--but you will have the chance of making a similar mistake.
Status is a very dangerous thing. I've met too many people who make it a point of pride that they never take money out of a cash machine, people who are too good to have their own e-mail address, because that's for everybody else but not them. It's hard to fight the temptation to set yourself apart from the rest of the world.
Risk is the cost of aggressive objectives.
It's not enough to make time for your children. There are certain stages in their lives when you have to give them the time when they want it. You can't run your family like a company. It doesn't work.
Assume any career moves you make won't go smoothly. They won't. But don't look back.
A corporation is a living organism; it has to continue to shed its skin. Methods have to change. Focus has to change. Values have to change. The sum total of those changes is transformation.
Technology is both an end in itself and a means to other ends. When you figure something out and make it work, there is pleasure and excitement. Not just because the technology is going to do something, but because you created something with its own inherent beauty, like art, like literature, like music.
Denial can blind.
It is a very important truism that immigrants and immigration are what made America what it is. We must be vigilant as a nation to have a tolerance for differences, a tolerance for new people.
When you have cancer, there's always a finite chance that it will recur, so talking about the whole experience in past tense is a little presumptuous. So yes, I have faced the prospect of dying, of having a specific cause of mortality hanging over my head for the rest of my life. But I don't think the experience changed me, not that either I or anyone close to me has been able to spot.
All art is in some fashion escape. It sucks you out of your own life. It absorbs you.
Retirement is a process. You have to figure out the new rules, and you have to figure out what works under the new rules.
The most powerful tool of all is the word no. There's never enough time.
My job hunting story - 2
from http://web.wenxuecity.com/BBSView.php?SubID=career_best&MsgID=133
2 September 2001 and IT
I chose to study IT in 2001 after I got my first master in Economics, because I strongly believed the combination of Finance and IT would bring me to the Wall Street. Wall Street was my dream for my entire college life. I was shocked when I heard the news on September 11, but did not realize that it would have such a big impact on my personal life.
The one-year program was tough, especially for me from a Finance background. I was scheduled to take fifteen courses a year and work on two teaching assistant jobs per semester. The annual job fair was scheduled in October. Most of the banks on the Wall Street canceled their on-campus interviews. Instead, we found a box on their booths, reading “Sorry we can not come to the on-campus interviews. Please place your resume in the box.” People threw their resumes in the box, without hoping for anything. My dream to work on the Wall Street became dim….
3 To Fight or To Die
3.1 Pre-Selection for On-Campus Interview
For students on the campus, the single most important way to look for jobs is the on-campus interview sponsored by the career services center. That year, it was very difficult to get pre-selected for on-campus interviews, because so many people were competing for limited number of openings. Our program had almost 120 students and it was full of depressing atmosphere in the building. I don’t have to describe the tough situation. If you have experienced job hunting, you know it.
Just one year ago in 2000, candidates would land 1 interview every day during the busy season. I was determined to have at least one interview per week. I pretty much hit my goal. The tricks to get more pre-selections include:
1. Be very aggressive in the job fair. For those who are afraid of English public speaking, this might be a tough job. But in order to land a job, we have to overcome this obstacle. The earlier you get over it, the sooner you will land a job.
a. Research the companies that will come to the job fair, understand their business and the kind of people they are looking for, circle down the companies you are really interested in;
b. Prepare 60 seconds self introduction (concise and right-to-the-point);
c. If you realize that a position is a good fit for you, seize opportunity to sell yourself. Ask “could you please give me more information about the position” or “could you please let me know what kind of person you are looking for?” After their introduction, you could say, “I am exactly the type of person you are looking for. My training in … helped me build strong skills in… My project (working) experiences in … prepared me for…” Remember: be enthusiastic and be brave!
d. Ask for the business cards from the person and try to get more information regarding their rights in hiring. Keep the cards and follow up with emails or mails.
2. Tailor each resume according to the requirement of each job. I found this very effective. I especially paid attention to the skills required (the “key words”), and put as many key words as possible in the resume. Our campus job system allows each person to upload 10 resumes. Most of the people I know only uploaded 2 or 3. I had 2 at that time: one for IT, and one for IT and Finance combination. One day, my Indian friend showed me his 10 resumes. He told me he always had 10 for different positions and for different companies. It worked. He got interviews from all the major IT companies. Amazingly enough, he got almost all the interviews from the limited number of banks who offered on-campus interviews, even though he knew nothing about finance. I admit that his strong communication skills (he spoke with strong accent) contributed to his success, but without his efforts, so many interviews were just missions impossible.
3. Go to the information session and career center for the open slots for the interviews you are really interested in. How ironically that not a lot of people are doing that. I got three interviews with this technique for which I was not originally pre-selected, which led to three on-site interviews, and two internship positions. The two companies are Goldman Sachs in New York (I actually got three position in three different groups; they asked me to choose one among the three.) and Citadel Investment in Chicago.
4. Do not give up each opportunity, even though you think it is not possible. If you try it, you lose nothing; but if you don’t try, you lose the world.
3.2 Prepare for Interviews
After I started working at my current company, I got the opportunity to interview many candidates. Once the candidates pass the basic technical requirements, we would look at their personality and communication skills. The question we always asked was, “will the guy/girl be very nice to work with.” It took me a long time to understand this when I was doing my job hunting.
My first interview was in mid October with an equity firm, I failed. I failed all of my interviews for the fall semester. During those three months, I had interviews with Morgan Stanley, Salomon Smith Barney, Black Rock, The Hull Group, First Credit Suisse Boston, and Convergys (I could not remember those small firms that interviewed me.) I went back home in China during winter vacation hoping the Hull group will give a surprise. They gave me a NO on the day I returned to the United States. The semester was tough to me. I was glad I could go through it.
My disadvantages in job interviews include two aspects. 1) communication kills. One day, I had mock interviews with my Indian friend. He asked me some basic questions. I was so embarrassed. I sort of knew the answers, but really did not know how to answer them nicely. 2) not enough technical IT knowledge. I was never an IT person. I started my program in May and hardly learned enough for the interviews, but I had to get ready for the fall job fair.
Some of the stories during my interviews in the first semester:
Interview with Morgan Stanly. “Humiliated” is the word I want to use. It was in October 2001. In order to impress the interviewers, I prepared PowerPoint presentation of all the projects I worked on. I drew graphs explaining the background and technology employed in those projects. The Vice President first asked me several basic questions, and then he turned to the projects I worked on. He asked me some details regarding the implementation, I was so nervous that I could not remember what it was. My heart was pounding and racing. He asked, “did you work on the projects by yourself?” I replied, “yes. But I am so nervous….@#&%” Thirty minutes later, I fled from the interview room. I cried; I could not help it. I know the opportunity with Morgan Stanley was gone.
Lessen: know you stuff. Every line on your resume could be a story. If you could not explain something, it means you are not technically strong or you are not honest.
Interview with Salomon Smith Barney (SSB). It was with the capital markets group – my dream job. The interview went well (I thought, because nothing went wrong). I was waiting for the feedback. My Indian friend also participated the interview. He told me that he got the notice for on-site interview the second day after the on-campus one. He was from a chemical engineering major, which has nothing to do with finance. I have so many years’ experiences in finance. What went wrong? When he was packing for the on-site interview, I got an email from the human resource representative at SSB. I got rejected. As always, the reason for rejection was that they had found better candidates. I was so confused and I could not help calling the vice president who interviewed me. He said, “you are definitely a strong candidate, but you might not have strong computer programming skills as required. We need people to do some computer modeling work.” I was so emotional. I told him, “I have very strong skills in programming. I used to develop financial models overcoming the deficiencies of the Black-Sholes model using C++, MATLAB, Guass…….” He was probably convinced and told me he would discuss with the HR people. I sent him a follow-up email, with a copy of the abstract of my master thesis in financial modeling. Several days later, I got rejected again. I doubted whether he ever discussed with HR people, because if he made a decision to bring me back, it means he made a mistake of not brining me in the first time.
Lesson: I did not truly understand what he was looking for, so I was not able to sell my skills within the 30 minutes interview.
Interview with Black Rock. First of all, I really liked that position. The interviewer asked me why I was interested in Black Rock. I had my one-minute introduction. I mentioned I had strong skills in IT, good personality, and strong interest in IT type of jobs in the banking environment. Then he said, “well, I am a VP in the marketing and accounting department. I can refer you to the IT department.” Oh, my God. I wanted to cry, but I did not have tears. Apparently, I did not get the second round. I was too eager to sell myself and express my interest, but it was the wrong target.
Lessen: If you are not sure what kind of persons they are looking for, ask them. The question I always ask is “could you please tell me what kind of people are you looking for?” After they answered, I would say, “I am exactly the type of person.” Then I would sell myself from three perspectives: technical, personality, strong enthusiasm toward the company and industry and even the group.”
Interviews with the Hull Group. As time went on, my interview skills increased a lot, as well as my technical skills. The Hull Group was also my dream job. It is an equity-trading firm based in Chicago and became a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs in late 1990s. I had two round on-campus interviews with two different groups. The equity-trading group selected me for the on-site interview. I was so scared; it was my first on-site interview and it was already December 2001. Due to some miscommunication with the HR people, my interview was postponed. One day The Hull Group gave me a phone call, telling me that they had to give me another round of phone interview before they could bring me in for the on-site interview. We did it. It was not bad, although I was scared to death, as always. A lot of technical and behavior questions.
The on-site interview started at 9:00 am and finished at 6:00 pm with a one-hour lunch. I met almost 10 people in the morning. They threw all kinds of questions to me – technical, personal, case study, and anything they could think of. In the afternoon, they wanted to test my C++ programming skills. Tell you the truth, I never took a course in C++; I studied chapters in “How to programming in C++” before I came to the interview. Thank God, all the questions were multiple choices, so at least I could guess. It took me almost 2 hours in the exam. I guess I did well, because I got to meet the head of the group after all the scheduled interviews. The guy looked very nice. He said I did very well. He asked me several simple questions such as “what is the most unforgettable experience in the United States?”, “how do you like the job?” I answered and I thought I did well. Several days later, I got a call from the Hull Group telling me that they could not decided and had to give me a phone interview again. “My God.” I though, “Just tell me, yes or not – why are you torturing me?” Several days later, I had a phone interview with four people from the group – all scenario questions. I waited for a long time for the final decision. It was a “NO.”
Later in the spring semester, the head came to the campus for summer intern interviews. I waited for almost an hour to get the chance to talk with him. He still remembered me. He told me, “The job market is really tough. It if were last year, we would definitely give you the offer. A lot of people want to go to New York, so they reject the offers from our group, but this year, none of them. You did very well, but you had to be yourself. From your answers, I could no tell what kind of person you are. You gave me the impression of memorizing what you have prepared.” At that time, I was already an expert in interviews. I talked with him and he agreed to give me a chance to interview with the technology group at Goldman in New York. It was already March 2002. I did very well in the interview and got the internship opportunities from three groups within Goldman.
Lessen: Be yourself. Never neglect the important the behavior questions! They could kill you just because simple questions like “what was the most unforgettable experience.”
Indian friends taught me how to stand out during interviews. I have to tell you that this Indian guy is very smart. Although a lot of Chinese classmates did not like him, he was one of the strongest. He knew a lot of tricks on how to draw people’s attention and how to lead an interview. He said before each interview, he would search the Internet for latest news related to that company. He succeeded the on-campus interview with Citi Group because he asked questions that distinguished him from other candidates. (Isn’t it amazing that he knew nothing about Finance, but always got pre-selection, and always got on-site interviews?) He asked the woman who interviewed him, “I got to know that there was a big merger and acquisition between Company A and Group B in your company, which has a big impact in the … market. Could you please give some comments…?” The woman said, “wow, I even do not know that, so I can not give any comments. I need to go back and check. But this is very good.” He got the on-site interview, but another classmate from Singapore who had three years’ experiences in banking industry did not. I once had an interview at a big consulting firm. I was scheduled to meet 15 people the whole day. After the morning session, I felt that they had a lot of concerns about my writing and communication skills. In the afternoon, my first interview with the partner went well. I mentioned an articled he published on the company’s website and showed strong interests. He smiled and gave me some comments. As always, I asked him what kind of people they were looking for. He smiled and said, “we are looking for people just like yourself who are smart, intelligent, and enthusiastic.” I think it is probably because of him that the company did not kill me in the first round.
Lessen: Small things make you stand out among candidates. Small conversations with key people make a lot of difference. Talk with people who are experts in interviews and learn from them. Don’t complain or just simply admire other people. Try to understand what the hell makes difference between you and them.If it is communication, learn English; if it is technical, do your homework. Remember, we are smart Chinese.
There are so many stories I could share. Most important things: to be proactive, be enthusiastic, be technically strong, and to make sure they like you when you answer behavior questions. At the end of the semester, although I did not land any jobs, I already prepared almost 20 pages of interview questions. I wrote the answers to each question, rewrote them for each interview. I started to understand what my Indian friends meant when he said, “you have to learn how to lead the interviewer.” It is an art. If you can master the art of interviews, you will land any jobs.
2 September 2001 and IT
I chose to study IT in 2001 after I got my first master in Economics, because I strongly believed the combination of Finance and IT would bring me to the Wall Street. Wall Street was my dream for my entire college life. I was shocked when I heard the news on September 11, but did not realize that it would have such a big impact on my personal life.
The one-year program was tough, especially for me from a Finance background. I was scheduled to take fifteen courses a year and work on two teaching assistant jobs per semester. The annual job fair was scheduled in October. Most of the banks on the Wall Street canceled their on-campus interviews. Instead, we found a box on their booths, reading “Sorry we can not come to the on-campus interviews. Please place your resume in the box.” People threw their resumes in the box, without hoping for anything. My dream to work on the Wall Street became dim….
3 To Fight or To Die
3.1 Pre-Selection for On-Campus Interview
For students on the campus, the single most important way to look for jobs is the on-campus interview sponsored by the career services center. That year, it was very difficult to get pre-selected for on-campus interviews, because so many people were competing for limited number of openings. Our program had almost 120 students and it was full of depressing atmosphere in the building. I don’t have to describe the tough situation. If you have experienced job hunting, you know it.
Just one year ago in 2000, candidates would land 1 interview every day during the busy season. I was determined to have at least one interview per week. I pretty much hit my goal. The tricks to get more pre-selections include:
1. Be very aggressive in the job fair. For those who are afraid of English public speaking, this might be a tough job. But in order to land a job, we have to overcome this obstacle. The earlier you get over it, the sooner you will land a job.
a. Research the companies that will come to the job fair, understand their business and the kind of people they are looking for, circle down the companies you are really interested in;
b. Prepare 60 seconds self introduction (concise and right-to-the-point);
c. If you realize that a position is a good fit for you, seize opportunity to sell yourself. Ask “could you please give me more information about the position” or “could you please let me know what kind of person you are looking for?” After their introduction, you could say, “I am exactly the type of person you are looking for. My training in … helped me build strong skills in… My project (working) experiences in … prepared me for…” Remember: be enthusiastic and be brave!
d. Ask for the business cards from the person and try to get more information regarding their rights in hiring. Keep the cards and follow up with emails or mails.
2. Tailor each resume according to the requirement of each job. I found this very effective. I especially paid attention to the skills required (the “key words”), and put as many key words as possible in the resume. Our campus job system allows each person to upload 10 resumes. Most of the people I know only uploaded 2 or 3. I had 2 at that time: one for IT, and one for IT and Finance combination. One day, my Indian friend showed me his 10 resumes. He told me he always had 10 for different positions and for different companies. It worked. He got interviews from all the major IT companies. Amazingly enough, he got almost all the interviews from the limited number of banks who offered on-campus interviews, even though he knew nothing about finance. I admit that his strong communication skills (he spoke with strong accent) contributed to his success, but without his efforts, so many interviews were just missions impossible.
3. Go to the information session and career center for the open slots for the interviews you are really interested in. How ironically that not a lot of people are doing that. I got three interviews with this technique for which I was not originally pre-selected, which led to three on-site interviews, and two internship positions. The two companies are Goldman Sachs in New York (I actually got three position in three different groups; they asked me to choose one among the three.) and Citadel Investment in Chicago.
4. Do not give up each opportunity, even though you think it is not possible. If you try it, you lose nothing; but if you don’t try, you lose the world.
3.2 Prepare for Interviews
After I started working at my current company, I got the opportunity to interview many candidates. Once the candidates pass the basic technical requirements, we would look at their personality and communication skills. The question we always asked was, “will the guy/girl be very nice to work with.” It took me a long time to understand this when I was doing my job hunting.
My first interview was in mid October with an equity firm, I failed. I failed all of my interviews for the fall semester. During those three months, I had interviews with Morgan Stanley, Salomon Smith Barney, Black Rock, The Hull Group, First Credit Suisse Boston, and Convergys (I could not remember those small firms that interviewed me.) I went back home in China during winter vacation hoping the Hull group will give a surprise. They gave me a NO on the day I returned to the United States. The semester was tough to me. I was glad I could go through it.
My disadvantages in job interviews include two aspects. 1) communication kills. One day, I had mock interviews with my Indian friend. He asked me some basic questions. I was so embarrassed. I sort of knew the answers, but really did not know how to answer them nicely. 2) not enough technical IT knowledge. I was never an IT person. I started my program in May and hardly learned enough for the interviews, but I had to get ready for the fall job fair.
Some of the stories during my interviews in the first semester:
Interview with Morgan Stanly. “Humiliated” is the word I want to use. It was in October 2001. In order to impress the interviewers, I prepared PowerPoint presentation of all the projects I worked on. I drew graphs explaining the background and technology employed in those projects. The Vice President first asked me several basic questions, and then he turned to the projects I worked on. He asked me some details regarding the implementation, I was so nervous that I could not remember what it was. My heart was pounding and racing. He asked, “did you work on the projects by yourself?” I replied, “yes. But I am so nervous….@#&%” Thirty minutes later, I fled from the interview room. I cried; I could not help it. I know the opportunity with Morgan Stanley was gone.
Lessen: know you stuff. Every line on your resume could be a story. If you could not explain something, it means you are not technically strong or you are not honest.
Interview with Salomon Smith Barney (SSB). It was with the capital markets group – my dream job. The interview went well (I thought, because nothing went wrong). I was waiting for the feedback. My Indian friend also participated the interview. He told me that he got the notice for on-site interview the second day after the on-campus one. He was from a chemical engineering major, which has nothing to do with finance. I have so many years’ experiences in finance. What went wrong? When he was packing for the on-site interview, I got an email from the human resource representative at SSB. I got rejected. As always, the reason for rejection was that they had found better candidates. I was so confused and I could not help calling the vice president who interviewed me. He said, “you are definitely a strong candidate, but you might not have strong computer programming skills as required. We need people to do some computer modeling work.” I was so emotional. I told him, “I have very strong skills in programming. I used to develop financial models overcoming the deficiencies of the Black-Sholes model using C++, MATLAB, Guass…….” He was probably convinced and told me he would discuss with the HR people. I sent him a follow-up email, with a copy of the abstract of my master thesis in financial modeling. Several days later, I got rejected again. I doubted whether he ever discussed with HR people, because if he made a decision to bring me back, it means he made a mistake of not brining me in the first time.
Lesson: I did not truly understand what he was looking for, so I was not able to sell my skills within the 30 minutes interview.
Interview with Black Rock. First of all, I really liked that position. The interviewer asked me why I was interested in Black Rock. I had my one-minute introduction. I mentioned I had strong skills in IT, good personality, and strong interest in IT type of jobs in the banking environment. Then he said, “well, I am a VP in the marketing and accounting department. I can refer you to the IT department.” Oh, my God. I wanted to cry, but I did not have tears. Apparently, I did not get the second round. I was too eager to sell myself and express my interest, but it was the wrong target.
Lessen: If you are not sure what kind of persons they are looking for, ask them. The question I always ask is “could you please tell me what kind of people are you looking for?” After they answered, I would say, “I am exactly the type of person.” Then I would sell myself from three perspectives: technical, personality, strong enthusiasm toward the company and industry and even the group.”
Interviews with the Hull Group. As time went on, my interview skills increased a lot, as well as my technical skills. The Hull Group was also my dream job. It is an equity-trading firm based in Chicago and became a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs in late 1990s. I had two round on-campus interviews with two different groups. The equity-trading group selected me for the on-site interview. I was so scared; it was my first on-site interview and it was already December 2001. Due to some miscommunication with the HR people, my interview was postponed. One day The Hull Group gave me a phone call, telling me that they had to give me another round of phone interview before they could bring me in for the on-site interview. We did it. It was not bad, although I was scared to death, as always. A lot of technical and behavior questions.
The on-site interview started at 9:00 am and finished at 6:00 pm with a one-hour lunch. I met almost 10 people in the morning. They threw all kinds of questions to me – technical, personal, case study, and anything they could think of. In the afternoon, they wanted to test my C++ programming skills. Tell you the truth, I never took a course in C++; I studied chapters in “How to programming in C++” before I came to the interview. Thank God, all the questions were multiple choices, so at least I could guess. It took me almost 2 hours in the exam. I guess I did well, because I got to meet the head of the group after all the scheduled interviews. The guy looked very nice. He said I did very well. He asked me several simple questions such as “what is the most unforgettable experience in the United States?”, “how do you like the job?” I answered and I thought I did well. Several days later, I got a call from the Hull Group telling me that they could not decided and had to give me a phone interview again. “My God.” I though, “Just tell me, yes or not – why are you torturing me?” Several days later, I had a phone interview with four people from the group – all scenario questions. I waited for a long time for the final decision. It was a “NO.”
Later in the spring semester, the head came to the campus for summer intern interviews. I waited for almost an hour to get the chance to talk with him. He still remembered me. He told me, “The job market is really tough. It if were last year, we would definitely give you the offer. A lot of people want to go to New York, so they reject the offers from our group, but this year, none of them. You did very well, but you had to be yourself. From your answers, I could no tell what kind of person you are. You gave me the impression of memorizing what you have prepared.” At that time, I was already an expert in interviews. I talked with him and he agreed to give me a chance to interview with the technology group at Goldman in New York. It was already March 2002. I did very well in the interview and got the internship opportunities from three groups within Goldman.
Lessen: Be yourself. Never neglect the important the behavior questions! They could kill you just because simple questions like “what was the most unforgettable experience.”
Indian friends taught me how to stand out during interviews. I have to tell you that this Indian guy is very smart. Although a lot of Chinese classmates did not like him, he was one of the strongest. He knew a lot of tricks on how to draw people’s attention and how to lead an interview. He said before each interview, he would search the Internet for latest news related to that company. He succeeded the on-campus interview with Citi Group because he asked questions that distinguished him from other candidates. (Isn’t it amazing that he knew nothing about Finance, but always got pre-selection, and always got on-site interviews?) He asked the woman who interviewed him, “I got to know that there was a big merger and acquisition between Company A and Group B in your company, which has a big impact in the … market. Could you please give some comments…?” The woman said, “wow, I even do not know that, so I can not give any comments. I need to go back and check. But this is very good.” He got the on-site interview, but another classmate from Singapore who had three years’ experiences in banking industry did not. I once had an interview at a big consulting firm. I was scheduled to meet 15 people the whole day. After the morning session, I felt that they had a lot of concerns about my writing and communication skills. In the afternoon, my first interview with the partner went well. I mentioned an articled he published on the company’s website and showed strong interests. He smiled and gave me some comments. As always, I asked him what kind of people they were looking for. He smiled and said, “we are looking for people just like yourself who are smart, intelligent, and enthusiastic.” I think it is probably because of him that the company did not kill me in the first round.
Lessen: Small things make you stand out among candidates. Small conversations with key people make a lot of difference. Talk with people who are experts in interviews and learn from them. Don’t complain or just simply admire other people. Try to understand what the hell makes difference between you and them.If it is communication, learn English; if it is technical, do your homework. Remember, we are smart Chinese.
There are so many stories I could share. Most important things: to be proactive, be enthusiastic, be technically strong, and to make sure they like you when you answer behavior questions. At the end of the semester, although I did not land any jobs, I already prepared almost 20 pages of interview questions. I wrote the answers to each question, rewrote them for each interview. I started to understand what my Indian friends meant when he said, “you have to learn how to lead the interviewer.” It is an art. If you can master the art of interviews, you will land any jobs.
Monday, March 5, 2007
TOP BitTorrent sites
RANK
SITE
CONTENT
TYPE
1
Mininova
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2
The Pirate Bay
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myBittorrent
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Torrentz
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isoHunt
All - Search Engine
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TorrentSpy
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NEWTorrents
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8
Snarf-it
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9
TorrentBox
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10
TorrentReactor.net
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11
Fulldls.com
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TorrentPortal
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NovaTina
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Yotoshi
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16
FileSoup
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UKNova
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BT Sites
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BT Indexing site
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BitTorrent meta-search
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BT Junkie
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SITE
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TYPE
1
Mininova
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2
The Pirate Bay
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myBittorrent
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Torrentz
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Yotoshi
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FileSoup
Everything
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UKNova
UK TV Episodes
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BT Sites
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Meganova
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Torrent Matrix
Everything
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TopTorrents
Everything
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HDBits
High Definition Movies
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Demonoid
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TorrentReactor.com
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Torrent Locomotive
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BitTorrent Monster
BT Indexing site
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Torrent Trackz
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Torrentini
BitTorrent meta-search
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Monova.org
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Torrentzap.com
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Torrent Finder
Torrent Search Engine
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Zoek Torrents
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BT Junkie
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Underground.be
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ExtraTorrent
Everything
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FlixFlux
Movie Torrent Search
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DarkTown
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P2P-United
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Bittorrent.am
Everything
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AvistaZ
Asian movies
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BitMe
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Spynova
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AussieTorrents
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Dinotorrent
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国外BT网站大全
from http://www.thinkaloud.cn/blog/post/226.html
国外BT网站大全
2006年12月20日 Tags: bt
转贴下这个,和大家共享
国外BT资源站点大全/国外BT种子资源/国外BT种子搜索引擎：
（不能保证链接全部有效，请自己测试！）
http://www.torrentreactor.net/
http://www.bitenova.org/
http://www.mininova.org/
http://www.torrentz.com/
http://www.torrentspy.com/
http://thepiratebay.org/
http://tracker.last-crack.com/
http://www.bittorrent.com/
http://www.tvtorrents.com/
Tv episodes
http://mrtwig.net/
http://bittorrents.de/
Movies, music, games, anime (site is in german, but torrents are mainly of
english spoken files)
http://bittorrent.frozen-layer.net/
spanish language anime and other movies site
http://www.digitaldistractions.org/torrents.php
Food TV, some Star Trek, Britcoms and documentaries
http://f.moya.scarywater.net/
Animatrix 3, Matrix reloaded trailer, Redhat and some more
http://www.lickmytaint.com
Many links to other torrent sites
http://www.torrentzone.tk/
Many links to other torrent sites
http://www.torrentlinks.com/
Many links to other torrent sites
http://wiki.etree.org/index.php?page=BitTorrentDownloads
Many links to music torrent sites
http://bittorrentsites.cjb.net
Many links to bittorrent sites
http://power-mp3s.com/
Couple of links
http://smiler.no-ip.org/BT/BTlinks.php
Music and more links to other torrent sites
http://www.veggieburritos.com/
Music
http://kung.servehttp.com:8080/live/index.asp
Music
http://timminators-tunes.no-ip.org/the_shows
Music
http://wsptradersclub.com/
Music
http://bombsession.com/bt.html
Music
http://digitaluniversecommunications.com
Music
http://www.bluegrassbox.com/bittorrent.php
Music
http://www.phook.org/siteutil/bittorrent/listBitTorrents.jsp
Music
http://www.musicfreaks.net/
Music
http://www.sonicsense.com/downloads.htm
Music
http://beatles.serveftp.com:1412/
Music
http://www.sidewalkcrusaders.com/torrent/
Music ( Jam 2003 tour all shows)
http://www.theskyiscrape.com/multimedia/torrents.php
Music (Pearl Jam)
http://orf.cx/torrent/
Music (concerts of Greatful Dead and Jefferson Airplane)
http://rpmfind.net/BitTorrent/
Mandrake, RedHat Linux and utils
http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/000635
RedHat 8 (Psyche)
http://www.lnx-bbc.org/download.html
LNX-BBC isos
http://rpmfind.net/BitTorrent/
Isos of different Linux versions
http://www.bstark.pp.se/bittorrent/
Only statistics on torrents, no downloads
http://frogfood.dyndns.org:6969/
Only statistics on torrents, no downloads
http://torrent.milfclan.com/
Tv episodes
http://torrents.noneleft.bm/
Tv episodes
http://wnh.dyndns.tv/torrent.php
Tv episodes
http://www.hotfire.net/
Tv episodes, movies, games
http://scifi-epz.com
Tv episodes, Enterprise and Tremors
http://premier69.cjb.net/
Tv episodes, X-files and Farscape
http://bittorrent.bounceme.net
Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, comics, anime, misc (tracker, upload
your own file!)
http://www.torrent-vision.tk/
Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, pron (also tracker, upload your own
file!)
Anime-torrents Websites
Url Website: Torrent types: Rating: Status:
http://www.animetorrents.com/bittorrent/new/ Anime 5 Up
http://www.animejunkies.com/torrent.shtml Anime 4 Up
http://www.anime-xtreme.com/bittorrent/download/ Anime 2 Up
http://www.animesuki.com/torrents.php Anime 5 Up
http://www.mircx.com/bt/ Anime 5 Up
http://anime.mircx.com/ Anime 4 Up
http://www.columbia.edu/~sww2004/deadsexy/downloads/index.html Anime 3 Up
http://www.snapzone.be/bittorrent/ Anime, french website 2 Up
http://aiorus.dyndns.org/ Anime (?) 3 Up
http://www.filesoup.com/ Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, anime (NEW:
torrents posted in forum, no login) 2 Up
http://bittorrent.bounceme.net Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, comics,
anime, misc (tracker, upload your own file!) 2 Down
http://bittorrents.de/ Movies, music, games, anime (site is in german, but
torrents are mainly of english spoken files) 2 Up
http://bittorrent.frozen-layer.net/ spanish language anime and other movies sit
5 Up
http://aiorus.dyndns.org/ Anime (?) 3 Up
http://www.creatures.org/bt/ Anime 3 Up
http://www.digitaldreambubble.com/r-b/ Anime 3 Up
http://128.252.22.32/ Anime 2 Up
http://www.cobaltnine.net/bt/ Anime and others 2 Up
http://cp.n3xt.de/drawn-reality/torrent/torrent.php Anime, german or japanese
subbed/dubbed 2 Up
http://amelia.edkeyes.org/choco/ Anime, from #chocofansubs 3 Up
http://torrent.thegreatbeyond.net/ Anime 3 Up
http://bakateam.free.fr/bt.html French Anime (?) 3 Up
http://chobits.homeip.net/h-bt/ Hentai and Anime 3 Up
http://www.toriyamaworld.com/ Hentai and Anime 3 Up
2007欧美娱乐资源重要下载网站,包括美剧/音乐/电影/迪士尼等.(不断更新。。。)
TV Show:
http://www.tv.com/
http://forum.friends6.com/index.php
http://sfile.ydy.com/bbs/index.php
http://www.yyets.com/
节目表：
http://www.myepisodes.com/ (需免费注册)
http://www.episodeworld.com/schedule
http://www.tvrage.com/schedule.p ... mp;show_yesterday=1
EDK下载联接：
http://tvunderground.org.ru/index.php
Music:
http://music.uptu.com/musictype.php?musictype_id=2
http://city.9sky.com/city/index.php
http://www.crazyemusic.com/bbs/index.asp
http://www.gomusic.ru/
http://www.allofmp3.com/
http://www.mp3.com
http://www.allmusic.com/
http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/index.jsp
http://www.last.fm
http://www.mystrands.com/
http://www.cmt.ca/Artists/All.aspx (Country Music Singer Artist)
Online:
http://music.aol.com/radioguide/bb.adp (线上音乐台)
http://music.aol.com/videos/sessions/sessions_flash.adp (提供小型演唱会)
http://video.aol.com/ (视频搜索,分享)
http://music.aol.com/videos/newthisweek (最新Top 100 MV)
http://www.singingfool.com/ (线上MV)
http://www.blastro.com/ (同上)
http://www.mtv.com/mtvradio/#/mtvradio/
http://www.pandora.com/
http://www.radioblogclub.com/ (最新单曲查找,交流,试听)
http://hype.non-standard.net/ (同上)
http://www.vh1.com/music/radio/
Movie:
http://www.mov8.com/index.htm
http://www.allmov.com/
http://www.imdb.com/
http://albumart.org/ (CD DVD封皮查找)
http://pornotube.com/ (视频分享)
字幕下载: http://www.shooter.cn
Disney:
http://disney.wretch.cc
http://disney.wretch.cc/mvdata/index.htm
个性主页:
http://www.netvibes.com/ (个人主页)
http://www.web2list.com/ (web2.0收藏列表)
eMedia:
http://www.aol.com/
http://www.myspace.com/
http://www.technorati.com/ (Blog搜索,首选,需用代理访问)
http://search.blogger.com/ (Blog搜索,备用)
http://www.answers.com/ (Wiki百科,首选)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (Wiki百科,备用,需用代理访问)
http://zh.wikipedia.org/ (中文Wiki百科,需用代理访问)
资源网站:
http://lib.verycd.com/ (eMule资源库)
https://www.chinamule.com/ (同上,需用代理访问)
http://www.edonkey2000.cn/bbs/forumdisplay.php?fid=6 (同上)
http://www.ktzhk.us/forum.php
http://www.shareprovider.com/
http://ed2k-it.com/index.php
TV Network:
NBC http://www.nbc.com
FOX http://www.fox.com
ABC http://abc.go.com
CBS http://www.cbs.com
CW http://www.cwtv.com
MTV http://www.mtv.com
E! TV http://www.eonline.com/index.jsp
Playboy TV http://www.playboy.com/playboytv (需用代理访问)
ESPN Sports http://sports.espn.go.com/espntv/espnGuide
Disney Channel http://www.disney.go.com/disneychannel/index.html
P2P网络电视: (TVUPlayer V2.3.0)
http://www.tvunetworks.com/cn/index.htm (这个能看美国5大台和其它一些不错的频道全天节目，超级好用。)
每日节目表：http://guide.tvunetworks.com/
CRadio网络收音机: (龙卷风网络收音机 V2.8)
http://www.cradio.cn/html/chs/index.html (美国之音和各类音乐台全靠它了。)
推荐一款英文翻译软件(Dr.eye译典通 v7.0 简体中文全功能商务版),你可能用的上.
下载地址: http://lib.verycd.com/2006/07/20/0000111502.html
发布:jazzy 分类:Computer 评论:0 引用:0 浏览:
Get TrackBack URI
国外BT网站大全
2006年12月20日 Tags: bt
转贴下这个,和大家共享
国外BT资源站点大全/国外BT种子资源/国外BT种子搜索引擎：
（不能保证链接全部有效，请自己测试！）
http://www.torrentreactor.net/
http://www.bitenova.org/
http://www.mininova.org/
http://www.torrentz.com/
http://www.torrentspy.com/
http://thepiratebay.org/
http://tracker.last-crack.com/
http://www.bittorrent.com/
http://www.tvtorrents.com/
Tv episodes
http://mrtwig.net/
http://bittorrents.de/
Movies, music, games, anime (site is in german, but torrents are mainly of
english spoken files)
http://bittorrent.frozen-layer.net/
spanish language anime and other movies site
http://www.digitaldistractions.org/torrents.php
Food TV, some Star Trek, Britcoms and documentaries
http://f.moya.scarywater.net/
Animatrix 3, Matrix reloaded trailer, Redhat and some more
http://www.lickmytaint.com
Many links to other torrent sites
http://www.torrentzone.tk/
Many links to other torrent sites
http://www.torrentlinks.com/
Many links to other torrent sites
http://wiki.etree.org/index.php?page=BitTorrentDownloads
Many links to music torrent sites
http://bittorrentsites.cjb.net
Many links to bittorrent sites
http://power-mp3s.com/
Couple of links
http://smiler.no-ip.org/BT/BTlinks.php
Music and more links to other torrent sites
http://www.veggieburritos.com/
Music
http://kung.servehttp.com:8080/live/index.asp
Music
http://timminators-tunes.no-ip.org/the_shows
Music
http://wsptradersclub.com/
Music
http://bombsession.com/bt.html
Music
http://digitaluniversecommunications.com
Music
http://www.bluegrassbox.com/bittorrent.php
Music
http://www.phook.org/siteutil/bittorrent/listBitTorrents.jsp
Music
http://www.musicfreaks.net/
Music
http://www.sonicsense.com/downloads.htm
Music
http://beatles.serveftp.com:1412/
Music
http://www.sidewalkcrusaders.com/torrent/
Music ( Jam 2003 tour all shows)
http://www.theskyiscrape.com/multimedia/torrents.php
Music (Pearl Jam)
http://orf.cx/torrent/
Music (concerts of Greatful Dead and Jefferson Airplane)
http://rpmfind.net/BitTorrent/
Mandrake, RedHat Linux and utils
http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/000635
RedHat 8 (Psyche)
http://www.lnx-bbc.org/download.html
LNX-BBC isos
http://rpmfind.net/BitTorrent/
Isos of different Linux versions
http://www.bstark.pp.se/bittorrent/
Only statistics on torrents, no downloads
http://frogfood.dyndns.org:6969/
Only statistics on torrents, no downloads
http://torrent.milfclan.com/
Tv episodes
http://torrents.noneleft.bm/
Tv episodes
http://wnh.dyndns.tv/torrent.php
Tv episodes
http://www.hotfire.net/
Tv episodes, movies, games
http://scifi-epz.com
Tv episodes, Enterprise and Tremors
http://premier69.cjb.net/
Tv episodes, X-files and Farscape
http://bittorrent.bounceme.net
Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, comics, anime, misc (tracker, upload
your own file!)
http://www.torrent-vision.tk/
Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, pron (also tracker, upload your own
file!)
Anime-torrents Websites
Url Website: Torrent types: Rating: Status:
http://www.animetorrents.com/bittorrent/new/ Anime 5 Up
http://www.animejunkies.com/torrent.shtml Anime 4 Up
http://www.anime-xtreme.com/bittorrent/download/ Anime 2 Up
http://www.animesuki.com/torrents.php Anime 5 Up
http://www.mircx.com/bt/ Anime 5 Up
http://anime.mircx.com/ Anime 4 Up
http://www.columbia.edu/~sww2004/deadsexy/downloads/index.html Anime 3 Up
http://www.snapzone.be/bittorrent/ Anime, french website 2 Up
http://aiorus.dyndns.org/ Anime (?) 3 Up
http://www.filesoup.com/ Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, anime (NEW:
torrents posted in forum, no login) 2 Up
http://bittorrent.bounceme.net Tv episodes, movies, games, music, apps, comics,
anime, misc (tracker, upload your own file!) 2 Down
http://bittorrents.de/ Movies, music, games, anime (site is in german, but
torrents are mainly of english spoken files) 2 Up
http://bittorrent.frozen-layer.net/ spanish language anime and other movies sit
5 Up
http://aiorus.dyndns.org/ Anime (?) 3 Up
http://www.creatures.org/bt/ Anime 3 Up
http://www.digitaldreambubble.com/r-b/ Anime 3 Up
http://128.252.22.32/ Anime 2 Up
http://www.cobaltnine.net/bt/ Anime and others 2 Up
http://cp.n3xt.de/drawn-reality/torrent/torrent.php Anime, german or japanese
subbed/dubbed 2 Up
http://amelia.edkeyes.org/choco/ Anime, from #chocofansubs 3 Up
http://torrent.thegreatbeyond.net/ Anime 3 Up
http://bakateam.free.fr/bt.html French Anime (?) 3 Up
http://chobits.homeip.net/h-bt/ Hentai and Anime 3 Up
http://www.toriyamaworld.com/ Hentai and Anime 3 Up
2007欧美娱乐资源重要下载网站,包括美剧/音乐/电影/迪士尼等.(不断更新。。。)
TV Show:
http://www.tv.com/
http://forum.friends6.com/index.php
http://sfile.ydy.com/bbs/index.php
http://www.yyets.com/
节目表：
http://www.myepisodes.com/ (需免费注册)
http://www.episodeworld.com/schedule
http://www.tvrage.com/schedule.p ... mp;show_yesterday=1
EDK下载联接：
http://tvunderground.org.ru/index.php
Music:
http://music.uptu.com/musictype.php?musictype_id=2
http://city.9sky.com/city/index.php
http://www.crazyemusic.com/bbs/index.asp
http://www.gomusic.ru/
http://www.allofmp3.com/
http://www.mp3.com
http://www.allmusic.com/
http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/index.jsp
http://www.last.fm
http://www.mystrands.com/
http://www.cmt.ca/Artists/All.aspx (Country Music Singer Artist)
Online:
http://music.aol.com/radioguide/bb.adp (线上音乐台)
http://music.aol.com/videos/sessions/sessions_flash.adp (提供小型演唱会)
http://video.aol.com/ (视频搜索,分享)
http://music.aol.com/videos/newthisweek (最新Top 100 MV)
http://www.singingfool.com/ (线上MV)
http://www.blastro.com/ (同上)
http://www.mtv.com/mtvradio/#/mtvradio/
http://www.pandora.com/
http://www.radioblogclub.com/ (最新单曲查找,交流,试听)
http://hype.non-standard.net/ (同上)
http://www.vh1.com/music/radio/
Movie:
http://www.mov8.com/index.htm
http://www.allmov.com/
http://www.imdb.com/
http://albumart.org/ (CD DVD封皮查找)
http://pornotube.com/ (视频分享)
字幕下载: http://www.shooter.cn
Disney:
http://disney.wretch.cc
http://disney.wretch.cc/mvdata/index.htm
个性主页:
http://www.netvibes.com/ (个人主页)
http://www.web2list.com/ (web2.0收藏列表)
eMedia:
http://www.aol.com/
http://www.myspace.com/
http://www.technorati.com/ (Blog搜索,首选,需用代理访问)
http://search.blogger.com/ (Blog搜索,备用)
http://www.answers.com/ (Wiki百科,首选)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (Wiki百科,备用,需用代理访问)
http://zh.wikipedia.org/ (中文Wiki百科,需用代理访问)
资源网站:
http://lib.verycd.com/ (eMule资源库)
https://www.chinamule.com/ (同上,需用代理访问)
http://www.edonkey2000.cn/bbs/forumdisplay.php?fid=6 (同上)
http://www.ktzhk.us/forum.php
http://www.shareprovider.com/
http://ed2k-it.com/index.php
TV Network:
NBC http://www.nbc.com
FOX http://www.fox.com
ABC http://abc.go.com
CBS http://www.cbs.com
CW http://www.cwtv.com
MTV http://www.mtv.com
E! TV http://www.eonline.com/index.jsp
Playboy TV http://www.playboy.com/playboytv (需用代理访问)
ESPN Sports http://sports.espn.go.com/espntv/espnGuide
Disney Channel http://www.disney.go.com/disneychannel/index.html
P2P网络电视: (TVUPlayer V2.3.0)
http://www.tvunetworks.com/cn/index.htm (这个能看美国5大台和其它一些不错的频道全天节目，超级好用。)
每日节目表：http://guide.tvunetworks.com/
CRadio网络收音机: (龙卷风网络收音机 V2.8)
http://www.cradio.cn/html/chs/index.html (美国之音和各类音乐台全靠它了。)
推荐一款英文翻译软件(Dr.eye译典通 v7.0 简体中文全功能商务版),你可能用的上.
下载地址: http://lib.verycd.com/2006/07/20/0000111502.html
发布:jazzy 分类:Computer 评论:0 引用:0 浏览:
Get TrackBack URI
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Interdisciplinary research may be lauded, but it's not yet rewarded.
Article source: Nature
Nature 445, 950 (February 2007) doi:10.1038/nj7130-950a
The inside track from academia and industry: Crossing boundaries, hitting barriers
Adina Paytan1 and Mary Lou Zoback2
Adina Paytan is in the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Stanford University, California.
Mary Lou Zoback is vice-president of earthquake risk applications at Risk Management Solutions in Newark, California.
To discuss this article, contact the editor
Adina Payton
Mary Lou Zoback
The scientific community recognizes the importance of interdisciplinary research. But institutions have not yet caught up with ways to reward good examples of it. In fact, interdisciplinary research in academia often faces discouraging barriers. Working across disciplines requires not only depth of knowledge but also a holistic understanding of complex systems. But the tenure system largely favours narrowly focused research in subdisciplines.
Much progress in our field, Earth sciences, has emerged from working across several disciplines. Combining medicine and geophysics is resulting in new medical devices. Mixing meteorology and biology provides new ways of looking at the spread of infectious disease. And blending oceanography and atmospheric science leads to a better understanding of the causes and consequences of global warming. We need to continue and expand these multidimensional approaches to benefit humanity and improve the prediction of climate and natural hazards, and to provide science-based solutions that support human well-being and the sustainable use of our resources.
The 2006 US National Academies report Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future emphasizes the value of interdisciplinary research, noting that many significant scientific and engineering advances cut across several disciplines.
Academia has taken some steps to embrace interdisciplinary research. The Harvard University Center for the Environment programme recognizes that the most pressing problems facing the environment are complex and often require collaborative investigation by scholars versed in different disciplines. Similarly, the new Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University is an interdisciplinary hub for research, teaching and problem-solving that draws on the experience and expertise of faculty members and students from all seven schools at Stanford University.
But the university reward system has generally not kept pace with this approach. Most universities still rely on a tenure process that judges excellence and leadership in a narrowly defined disciplinary (or subdisciplinary) field.
Indeed, a 2004 National Academies report, Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research, lists "promotion criteria" as the top impediment to interdisciplinary research, based on separate rankings by both scientists and university provosts. "An interdisciplinary faculty member seeking tenure often faces two challenges beyond those faced by members working in a single discipline," says the report. "First, interdisciplinary research done by the candidate may not be valued sufficiently to compensate for lower output of disciplinary research ... Second, it can be difficult to find reviewers who understand the overall quality of the work, which usually lies outside the expertise of people on the tenure evaluation committee."
The committee recommended that institutions provide more flexibility in promotion and tenure procedures, recognizing that the contributions of someone in interdisciplinary research may need to be evaluated differently from those of someone in a single-discipline project. Indeed, if universities want to attract and retain innovative young researchers and foster novel approaches to science, they should support infrastructure, research needs and opportunities for integrative research. They also need to find different ways of rewarding and evaluating scientists who are engaged in such research.
If universities want to attract innovative young researchers, they should support integrative research.
We advocate several steps towards proper recognition of the contributions of interdisciplinary researchers. They include establishing interdisciplinary review committees to evaluate faculty members who are conducting such research, with at least one of the committee members actively doing interdisciplinary work themselves. We'd like to see tenure committees solicit input from scientists personally familiar with the candidate's work — people who can assess individual contributions to collaborative projects and roles in facilitating the research. Letters to external referees should be formulated to emphasize the transdisciplinary nature of the candidate's work and not require that the candidate be identified as or compared with an expert in one specific field. Interdisciplinary researchers could also have more time to reach tenure milestones, as their research can be more time-consuming to coordinate, conduct and synthesize.
Interdisciplinary research and education are inspired by the drive to provide effective solutions to complex questions. A central problem it faces is in finding ways to remove those barriers.
Nature 445, 950 (February 2007) doi:10.1038/nj7130-950a
The inside track from academia and industry: Crossing boundaries, hitting barriers
Adina Paytan1 and Mary Lou Zoback2
Adina Paytan is in the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Stanford University, California.
Mary Lou Zoback is vice-president of earthquake risk applications at Risk Management Solutions in Newark, California.
To discuss this article, contact the editor
Adina Payton
Mary Lou Zoback
The scientific community recognizes the importance of interdisciplinary research. But institutions have not yet caught up with ways to reward good examples of it. In fact, interdisciplinary research in academia often faces discouraging barriers. Working across disciplines requires not only depth of knowledge but also a holistic understanding of complex systems. But the tenure system largely favours narrowly focused research in subdisciplines.
Much progress in our field, Earth sciences, has emerged from working across several disciplines. Combining medicine and geophysics is resulting in new medical devices. Mixing meteorology and biology provides new ways of looking at the spread of infectious disease. And blending oceanography and atmospheric science leads to a better understanding of the causes and consequences of global warming. We need to continue and expand these multidimensional approaches to benefit humanity and improve the prediction of climate and natural hazards, and to provide science-based solutions that support human well-being and the sustainable use of our resources.
The 2006 US National Academies report Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future emphasizes the value of interdisciplinary research, noting that many significant scientific and engineering advances cut across several disciplines.
Academia has taken some steps to embrace interdisciplinary research. The Harvard University Center for the Environment programme recognizes that the most pressing problems facing the environment are complex and often require collaborative investigation by scholars versed in different disciplines. Similarly, the new Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University is an interdisciplinary hub for research, teaching and problem-solving that draws on the experience and expertise of faculty members and students from all seven schools at Stanford University.
But the university reward system has generally not kept pace with this approach. Most universities still rely on a tenure process that judges excellence and leadership in a narrowly defined disciplinary (or subdisciplinary) field.
Indeed, a 2004 National Academies report, Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research, lists "promotion criteria" as the top impediment to interdisciplinary research, based on separate rankings by both scientists and university provosts. "An interdisciplinary faculty member seeking tenure often faces two challenges beyond those faced by members working in a single discipline," says the report. "First, interdisciplinary research done by the candidate may not be valued sufficiently to compensate for lower output of disciplinary research ... Second, it can be difficult to find reviewers who understand the overall quality of the work, which usually lies outside the expertise of people on the tenure evaluation committee."
The committee recommended that institutions provide more flexibility in promotion and tenure procedures, recognizing that the contributions of someone in interdisciplinary research may need to be evaluated differently from those of someone in a single-discipline project. Indeed, if universities want to attract and retain innovative young researchers and foster novel approaches to science, they should support infrastructure, research needs and opportunities for integrative research. They also need to find different ways of rewarding and evaluating scientists who are engaged in such research.
If universities want to attract innovative young researchers, they should support integrative research.
We advocate several steps towards proper recognition of the contributions of interdisciplinary researchers. They include establishing interdisciplinary review committees to evaluate faculty members who are conducting such research, with at least one of the committee members actively doing interdisciplinary work themselves. We'd like to see tenure committees solicit input from scientists personally familiar with the candidate's work — people who can assess individual contributions to collaborative projects and roles in facilitating the research. Letters to external referees should be formulated to emphasize the transdisciplinary nature of the candidate's work and not require that the candidate be identified as or compared with an expert in one specific field. Interdisciplinary researchers could also have more time to reach tenure milestones, as their research can be more time-consuming to coordinate, conduct and synthesize.
Interdisciplinary research and education are inspired by the drive to provide effective solutions to complex questions. A central problem it faces is in finding ways to remove those barriers.
Thursday, February 15, 2007
Six Important Things to Consider before chosing a major
from http://www.psu.edu/dus/md/mdfiveq.htm
Before using MAJOR DECISIONS to start searching for information, first think about your personal characteristics (interests, abilities, values, personality, and motivations) and about the realities you might face in deciding on a major. Then keep these six important considerations in mind as you sort through and evaluate the information you collect.
The questions listed under each consideration below are just some examples to get you started; you should be able to think of others.
1. Your Interests
Think about the kinds of things that you enjoy. Here are a few questions to get you started.
What activities do you like to participate in just for fun?
What do you like to watch on TV?
What topics do you enjoy reading or talking about?
What courses did you like most in high school?
When you fantasize about a career, what do you think you would enjoy doing or being?
What other things are you interested in?
What kinds of activities are you not interested in, and why?
Don't underestimate how important your interests can be when choosing a major. Imagine not being interested in a subject and studying it in depth for four years or more. Would you be interested in the course work required in a particular major?
2. Your Abilities
Here are a few sample questions to help you think about your abilities (the things you're good at).
How do your SAT scores and high school grades compare to those of other students?
How have others judged your abilities in the past?
Have you won academic honors, or awards for excellence in art, music, debate, sports, or other performance areas?
Do you seem to have a natural talent for helping other people, working with numbers, influencing others, solving problems, using your hands, organizing events, or other areas?
How strong are your study skills?
What other abilities do you have?
Do you have the ability to be successful in the course work required in a particular major?
3. Your Values
Think about what's really important to you—the values and principles that guide your life. How would you answer these questions?
Are your decisions and choices in life influenced by certain religious, spiritual, philosophical, moral, or ethical beliefs and teachings?
Where do you stand politically on various issues?
How important is it for you to help others or serve your community?
Is making a lot of money really important to you? Or how about just a “comfortable” living?
Would you rather save the rain forests or cut them down? Why?
Would it be easy for you to cheat on an exam because you think it's “no big deal”?
When faced with a moral dilemma, do you always “do the right thing,” even if it's difficult?
Could you work in a job that promotes unethical, illegal, immoral, or unhealthy activities?
What place does a family have in your future?
What other things are really important to you?
How would you summarize your personal values?
How would you feel if your values didn't match with a particular major or career you were considering?
4. Your Personality
Think about your emotions, behaviors, and ways of thinking. Here are some questions to help you assess your personality traits.
Are you outgoing—or shy?
Are you assertive—or passive?
Do you seek out excitement—or peace and quiet?
Are you open to new experiences or do you avoid them?
Are you chronically late, or are you always on time?
Are you anxious and nervous—or really laid-back?
Do you act impulsively or do you take your time to make decisions?
Are you patient and understanding or do you lose your temper easily?
Do you like being the center of attention or blending in with the crowd?
How else would you describe your personality?
If you're shy and introverted, how would you feel about having to work in groups or give a speech to a roomful of people? If you're impatient, would you be able to work with young children? If you like to take your time to make decisions, how would you react to tight deadlines?
Personality traits may not be easy to change. Does your personality match with the majors/careers you are considering?
5. Your Motivations
Ask yourself what's motivating you to consider certain majors.
Are you motivated mostly by your interests, your abilities, your values, or something else?
Are outside pressures from family, friends, or the job market influencing your decisions?
Are you considering a major just because you think it will be easy?
Are you thinking about choosing a major because somebody else said you “should”?
Are you considering only majors that you think will lead to good jobs and a lot of money?
What other things are motivating you?
Would your motivation be strong enough to allow you to succeed in a major even if other factors seemed to point away from that major?
6. Realities
Consider what situations in your life may have a strong and overriding influence on your choice of major.
Do your interests, abilities, values, personality, and motivations conflict with each other or are they in agreement? (Sometimes students are very interested in a major but find that they don't have the abilities to handle the required courses. On the other hand, some students have strong abilities in a particular area but don't have any real interest in studying that topic. And sometimes students have both interests and abilities in a major but aren't willing to risk four or more years of time and money if it seems unlikely they'll find a job in that area.)
Will you be able to meet entrance-to-major requirements on time, especially for majors with administrative enrollment controls?
How much extra time will it take you to graduate if you've already completed a lot of credits that can't be applied to the major you choose?
Does Penn State offer the major(s) you're interested in, or would you have to transfer to another school?
Can you afford to pay for four or five years of college, or only two years?
What other realities are you facing?
Consider these and other outside factors that may make a significant difference to you. Is your choice of major a realistic one?
Before using MAJOR DECISIONS to start searching for information, first think about your personal characteristics (interests, abilities, values, personality, and motivations) and about the realities you might face in deciding on a major. Then keep these six important considerations in mind as you sort through and evaluate the information you collect.
The questions listed under each consideration below are just some examples to get you started; you should be able to think of others.
1. Your Interests
Think about the kinds of things that you enjoy. Here are a few questions to get you started.
What activities do you like to participate in just for fun?
What do you like to watch on TV?
What topics do you enjoy reading or talking about?
What courses did you like most in high school?
When you fantasize about a career, what do you think you would enjoy doing or being?
What other things are you interested in?
What kinds of activities are you not interested in, and why?
Don't underestimate how important your interests can be when choosing a major. Imagine not being interested in a subject and studying it in depth for four years or more. Would you be interested in the course work required in a particular major?
2. Your Abilities
Here are a few sample questions to help you think about your abilities (the things you're good at).
How do your SAT scores and high school grades compare to those of other students?
How have others judged your abilities in the past?
Have you won academic honors, or awards for excellence in art, music, debate, sports, or other performance areas?
Do you seem to have a natural talent for helping other people, working with numbers, influencing others, solving problems, using your hands, organizing events, or other areas?
How strong are your study skills?
What other abilities do you have?
Do you have the ability to be successful in the course work required in a particular major?
3. Your Values
Think about what's really important to you—the values and principles that guide your life. How would you answer these questions?
Are your decisions and choices in life influenced by certain religious, spiritual, philosophical, moral, or ethical beliefs and teachings?
Where do you stand politically on various issues?
How important is it for you to help others or serve your community?
Is making a lot of money really important to you? Or how about just a “comfortable” living?
Would you rather save the rain forests or cut them down? Why?
Would it be easy for you to cheat on an exam because you think it's “no big deal”?
When faced with a moral dilemma, do you always “do the right thing,” even if it's difficult?
Could you work in a job that promotes unethical, illegal, immoral, or unhealthy activities?
What place does a family have in your future?
What other things are really important to you?
How would you summarize your personal values?
How would you feel if your values didn't match with a particular major or career you were considering?
4. Your Personality
Think about your emotions, behaviors, and ways of thinking. Here are some questions to help you assess your personality traits.
Are you outgoing—or shy?
Are you assertive—or passive?
Do you seek out excitement—or peace and quiet?
Are you open to new experiences or do you avoid them?
Are you chronically late, or are you always on time?
Are you anxious and nervous—or really laid-back?
Do you act impulsively or do you take your time to make decisions?
Are you patient and understanding or do you lose your temper easily?
Do you like being the center of attention or blending in with the crowd?
How else would you describe your personality?
If you're shy and introverted, how would you feel about having to work in groups or give a speech to a roomful of people? If you're impatient, would you be able to work with young children? If you like to take your time to make decisions, how would you react to tight deadlines?
Personality traits may not be easy to change. Does your personality match with the majors/careers you are considering?
5. Your Motivations
Ask yourself what's motivating you to consider certain majors.
Are you motivated mostly by your interests, your abilities, your values, or something else?
Are outside pressures from family, friends, or the job market influencing your decisions?
Are you considering a major just because you think it will be easy?
Are you thinking about choosing a major because somebody else said you “should”?
Are you considering only majors that you think will lead to good jobs and a lot of money?
What other things are motivating you?
Would your motivation be strong enough to allow you to succeed in a major even if other factors seemed to point away from that major?
6. Realities
Consider what situations in your life may have a strong and overriding influence on your choice of major.
Do your interests, abilities, values, personality, and motivations conflict with each other or are they in agreement? (Sometimes students are very interested in a major but find that they don't have the abilities to handle the required courses. On the other hand, some students have strong abilities in a particular area but don't have any real interest in studying that topic. And sometimes students have both interests and abilities in a major but aren't willing to risk four or more years of time and money if it seems unlikely they'll find a job in that area.)
Will you be able to meet entrance-to-major requirements on time, especially for majors with administrative enrollment controls?
How much extra time will it take you to graduate if you've already completed a lot of credits that can't be applied to the major you choose?
Does Penn State offer the major(s) you're interested in, or would you have to transfer to another school?
Can you afford to pay for four or five years of college, or only two years?
What other realities are you facing?
Consider these and other outside factors that may make a significant difference to you. Is your choice of major a realistic one?
Thursday, February 8, 2007
人生值得珍藏的80句zzz
【 以下文字转载自 NJUExpress 讨论区 】
【 原文由 861021 所发表 】
01.每天告诉自己一次，『我真的很不错』。
02.生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自己。
03.生活中若没有朋友，就像生活中没有阳光一样。
04.明天的希望，让我们忘了今天的痛苦。
05.生活若剥去理想、梦想、幻想，那生命便只是一堆空架子。
06.发光并非太阳的专利，你也可以发光。
07.愚者用肉体监视心灵，智者用心灵监视肉体。
08.获致幸福的不二法门是珍视你所拥有的、遗忘你所没有的。
09.贪婪是最真实的贫穷，满足是最真实的财富。
10.你可以用爱得到全世界，你也可以用恨失去全世界。
11.人的价值，在遭受诱惑的一瞬间被决定。
12.年轻是我们唯一拥有权利去编织梦想的时光。
13.青春一经典当即永不再赎。
14.没有了爱的语言，所有的文字都是乏味的。
15.真正的爱，应该超越生命的长度、心灵的宽度、灵魂的深度。
16.爱的力量大到可以使人忘记一切，却又小到连一粒嫉妒的沙石也不能容纳。
17.当一个人真正觉悟的一刻，他放弃追寻外在世界的财富，而开始追寻他内心世界的真正
财富。
18.只要有信心，人永远不会挫败。
19.不论你在什麽时候开始，重要的是开始之後就不要停止。
20.不论你在什麽时候结束，重要的是结束之後就不要悔恨。
21.人若软弱就是自己最大的敌人。
22.人若勇敢就是自己最好的朋友。
23.『不可能』只存在於蠢人的字典里。
24.抱最大的希望，为最大的努力，做最坏的打算。
25.家！甜蜜的家！天下最美好的莫过於家。
26.游手好闲会使人心智生锈。
27.每一件事都要用多方面的角度来看它。
28.有理想在的地方，地狱就是天堂。
29.有希望在的地方，痛苦也成欢乐。
30.所有的胜利，与征服自己的胜利比起来，都是微不足道。
31.所有的失败，与失去自己的失败比起来，更是微不足道。
32.上帝从不埋怨人们的愚昧，人们却埋怨上帝的不公平。
33.美好的生命应该充满期待、惊喜和感激。
34.世上最累人的事，莫过於虚伪的过日子。
35.觉得自己做得到和做不到，其实只在一念之间。
36.第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的。
37.少一点预设的期待，那份对人的关怀会更自在。
38.思想如钻子，必须集中在一点钻下去才有力量。
39.人只要不失去方向，就不会失去自己。
40.如果你曾歌颂黎明，那麽也请你拥抱黑夜。
41.问候不一定要慎重其事，但一定要真诚感人。
42.人生重要的不是所站的位置，而是所朝的方向。
43.当你能飞的时候就不要放弃飞。
44.当你能梦的时候就不要放弃梦。
45.当你能爱的时候就不要放弃爱。
46.生命太过短暂，今天放弃了明天不一定能得到。
47.天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的努力。
48.人总是珍惜未得到的，而遗忘了所拥有的。
49.快乐要懂得分享，才能加倍的快乐。
50.自己要先看得起自己，别人才会看得起你。
51.一个今天胜过两个明天。
52.要铭记在心；每天都是一年中最美好的日子。
53.乐观者在灾祸中看到机会；悲观者在机会中看到灾祸。
54.有勇气并不表示恐惧不存在，而是敢面对恐惧、克服恐惧。
55.肯承认错误则错已改了一半。
56.明天是世上增值最快的一块土地，因它充满了希望。
57.理想的路总是为有信心的人预备著。
58.所有欺骗中，自欺是最为严重的。
59.人生最大的错误是不断担心会犯错。
60.把你的脸迎向阳光，那就不会有阴影。
61.经验是由痛苦中粹取出来的。
62.用最少的悔恨面对过去。
63.用最少的浪费面对现在。
64.用最多的梦面对未来。
65.快乐不是因为拥有的多而是计较的少。
66.你的选择是做或不做，但不做就永远不会有机会。
67.如你想要拥有完美无暇的友谊，可能一辈子找不到朋友。
68.不如意的时候不要尽往悲伤里钻，想想有笑声的日子吧。
69.把自己当傻瓜，不懂就问，你会学的更多。
70.要纠正别人之前，先反省自己有没有犯错。
71.因害怕失败而不敢放手一搏，永远不会成功。
72.要克服生活的焦虑和沮丧，得先学会做自己的主人。
73.你不能左右天气，但你能转变你的心情。
74.孤单寂寞与被遗弃感是最可怕的贫穷。
75.想像力比知识更重要。
76.漫无目的的生活就像出海航行而没有指南针。
77.好好扮演自己的角色，做自己该做的事。
78.一切伟大的行动和思想，都有一个微不足道的开始。
79.得意时应善待他人，因为你失意时会需要他们。
80.学做任何事得按部就班，急不得。
--
无忧无虑 无欲无求 无怨无仇 无悲无苦 无边无际
无罣无碍 无咎无誉 无拘无束 无靠无依 无了无休
无情无绪 无穷无尽 无拳无勇 无声无息 无声无臭
无适无莫 无思无虑 无形无影 无影无踪 无缘无故
※ 来源:．南京大学小百合站 http://bbs.nju.edu.cn [FROM: 172.16.113.142]
※ 修改:．861021 於 Jan 21 17:38:10 2007 修改本文．[FROM: 172.16.113.142]
--
※ 来源:．南京大学小百合站 http://bbs.nju.edu.cn [FROM: 210.28.133.144]
【 原文由 861021 所发表 】
01.每天告诉自己一次，『我真的很不错』。
02.生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自己。
03.生活中若没有朋友，就像生活中没有阳光一样。
04.明天的希望，让我们忘了今天的痛苦。
05.生活若剥去理想、梦想、幻想，那生命便只是一堆空架子。
06.发光并非太阳的专利，你也可以发光。
07.愚者用肉体监视心灵，智者用心灵监视肉体。
08.获致幸福的不二法门是珍视你所拥有的、遗忘你所没有的。
09.贪婪是最真实的贫穷，满足是最真实的财富。
10.你可以用爱得到全世界，你也可以用恨失去全世界。
11.人的价值，在遭受诱惑的一瞬间被决定。
12.年轻是我们唯一拥有权利去编织梦想的时光。
13.青春一经典当即永不再赎。
14.没有了爱的语言，所有的文字都是乏味的。
15.真正的爱，应该超越生命的长度、心灵的宽度、灵魂的深度。
16.爱的力量大到可以使人忘记一切，却又小到连一粒嫉妒的沙石也不能容纳。
17.当一个人真正觉悟的一刻，他放弃追寻外在世界的财富，而开始追寻他内心世界的真正
财富。
18.只要有信心，人永远不会挫败。
19.不论你在什麽时候开始，重要的是开始之後就不要停止。
20.不论你在什麽时候结束，重要的是结束之後就不要悔恨。
21.人若软弱就是自己最大的敌人。
22.人若勇敢就是自己最好的朋友。
23.『不可能』只存在於蠢人的字典里。
24.抱最大的希望，为最大的努力，做最坏的打算。
25.家！甜蜜的家！天下最美好的莫过於家。
26.游手好闲会使人心智生锈。
27.每一件事都要用多方面的角度来看它。
28.有理想在的地方，地狱就是天堂。
29.有希望在的地方，痛苦也成欢乐。
30.所有的胜利，与征服自己的胜利比起来，都是微不足道。
31.所有的失败，与失去自己的失败比起来，更是微不足道。
32.上帝从不埋怨人们的愚昧，人们却埋怨上帝的不公平。
33.美好的生命应该充满期待、惊喜和感激。
34.世上最累人的事，莫过於虚伪的过日子。
35.觉得自己做得到和做不到，其实只在一念之间。
36.第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的。
37.少一点预设的期待，那份对人的关怀会更自在。
38.思想如钻子，必须集中在一点钻下去才有力量。
39.人只要不失去方向，就不会失去自己。
40.如果你曾歌颂黎明，那麽也请你拥抱黑夜。
41.问候不一定要慎重其事，但一定要真诚感人。
42.人生重要的不是所站的位置，而是所朝的方向。
43.当你能飞的时候就不要放弃飞。
44.当你能梦的时候就不要放弃梦。
45.当你能爱的时候就不要放弃爱。
46.生命太过短暂，今天放弃了明天不一定能得到。
47.天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的努力。
48.人总是珍惜未得到的，而遗忘了所拥有的。
49.快乐要懂得分享，才能加倍的快乐。
50.自己要先看得起自己，别人才会看得起你。
51.一个今天胜过两个明天。
52.要铭记在心；每天都是一年中最美好的日子。
53.乐观者在灾祸中看到机会；悲观者在机会中看到灾祸。
54.有勇气并不表示恐惧不存在，而是敢面对恐惧、克服恐惧。
55.肯承认错误则错已改了一半。
56.明天是世上增值最快的一块土地，因它充满了希望。
57.理想的路总是为有信心的人预备著。
58.所有欺骗中，自欺是最为严重的。
59.人生最大的错误是不断担心会犯错。
60.把你的脸迎向阳光，那就不会有阴影。
61.经验是由痛苦中粹取出来的。
62.用最少的悔恨面对过去。
63.用最少的浪费面对现在。
64.用最多的梦面对未来。
65.快乐不是因为拥有的多而是计较的少。
66.你的选择是做或不做，但不做就永远不会有机会。
67.如你想要拥有完美无暇的友谊，可能一辈子找不到朋友。
68.不如意的时候不要尽往悲伤里钻，想想有笑声的日子吧。
69.把自己当傻瓜，不懂就问，你会学的更多。
70.要纠正别人之前，先反省自己有没有犯错。
71.因害怕失败而不敢放手一搏，永远不会成功。
72.要克服生活的焦虑和沮丧，得先学会做自己的主人。
73.你不能左右天气，但你能转变你的心情。
74.孤单寂寞与被遗弃感是最可怕的贫穷。
75.想像力比知识更重要。
76.漫无目的的生活就像出海航行而没有指南针。
77.好好扮演自己的角色，做自己该做的事。
78.一切伟大的行动和思想，都有一个微不足道的开始。
79.得意时应善待他人，因为你失意时会需要他们。
80.学做任何事得按部就班，急不得。
--
无忧无虑 无欲无求 无怨无仇 无悲无苦 无边无际
无罣无碍 无咎无誉 无拘无束 无靠无依 无了无休
无情无绪 无穷无尽 无拳无勇 无声无息 无声无臭
无适无莫 无思无虑 无形无影 无影无踪 无缘无故
※ 来源:．南京大学小百合站 http://bbs.nju.edu.cn [FROM: 172.16.113.142]
※ 修改:．861021 於 Jan 21 17:38:10 2007 修改本文．[FROM: 172.16.113.142]
--
※ 来源:．南京大学小百合站 http://bbs.nju.edu.cn [FROM: 210.28.133.144]
Friday, January 19, 2007
line-dry or dryer?
I am happy to read the note on the page of global warming on "the Sacromenta Bee" Friday, 19, 2007 .
Line-dry clothes
Line-dry your clothes in the spring and summer instead of using the dryer and you can save 700 pounds of CO2 and $75 per year.
But our apartment management dosen't permit to line-dry clothes in the patio or yard. And I have seen few people line-dry clothes in Davis. Why not?
Line-dry clothes
Line-dry your clothes in the spring and summer instead of using the dryer and you can save 700 pounds of CO2 and $75 per year.
But our apartment management dosen't permit to line-dry clothes in the patio or yard. And I have seen few people line-dry clothes in Davis. Why not?
Thursday, January 18, 2007
Active Ecology Research Groups
AmeriFlux Network
Climate Change Networks (CA)
FlLUXNET
Forest-BGC models
Forest Landscape Ecology Lab (UW-Madison)
Global Warming Information
Great Lakes Assessment Team (GLA)
iLEAPS
HAVEST Model at USDA FS, NCFES Station
Landscape Management System at UW
Long-term Ecological Research Network (LTER)
MOFEP Research Group
NEON
NICCR Home page
PnET model
POSTEL web site (database)
Teakettle Ecosystem Studies
VEMAP Webpage
USCCC
Wind River Canopy Crane
Climate Change Networks (CA)
FlLUXNET
Forest-BGC models
Forest Landscape Ecology Lab (UW-Madison)
Global Warming Information
Great Lakes Assessment Team (GLA)
iLEAPS
HAVEST Model at USDA FS, NCFES Station
Landscape Management System at UW
Long-term Ecological Research Network (LTER)
MOFEP Research Group
NEON
NICCR Home page
PnET model
POSTEL web site (database)
Teakettle Ecosystem Studies
VEMAP Webpage
USCCC
Wind River Canopy Crane
landscape ecology in US
http://research.eeescience.utoledo.edu/lees/
jiquan chen
http://research.eeescience.utoledo.edu/lees/
Arizona State University
Colorado State University
Duke University
Harvard University
Michigan State University
Montana State University
Oregon State University
Oak Ridge National Lab
Princeton University
Purdue University
Texas A&M
University of California, Davis
University of California, Santa Barbara
University of Central Florida
University of Connecticut
University of Florida
University of Georgia
University of Iowa
University of Maryland
University of Minnesota
University of Michigan
University of Montana
University of New Mexico
University of North Carolina
University of Toronto
University of Vermont
University of Wisconsin
Forest Landscape Ecology Lab
Turner’s Landscape Ecology Lab
University of Washington
USDA Forest Service
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
USGS Gap Analysis Program
Virginia Tech
Western Washington University
jiquan chen
http://research.eeescience.utoledo.edu/lees/
Arizona State University
Colorado State University
Duke University
Harvard University
Michigan State University
Montana State University
Oregon State University
Oak Ridge National Lab
Princeton University
Purdue University
Texas A&M
University of California, Davis
University of California, Santa Barbara
University of Central Florida
University of Connecticut
University of Florida
University of Georgia
University of Iowa
University of Maryland
University of Minnesota
University of Michigan
University of Montana
University of New Mexico
University of North Carolina
University of Toronto
University of Vermont
University of Wisconsin
Forest Landscape Ecology Lab
Turner’s Landscape Ecology Lab
University of Washington
USDA Forest Service
US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
USGS Gap Analysis Program
Virginia Tech
Western Washington University
Friday, January 5, 2007
postdoc resources
Career Options
This section describes various career paths a PhD scientist may choose to follow, and provides links to various sources of information related to those careers.
Self Evaluation
How to choose the right career for you.
Finding the Perfect Postdoc Position
An elegant article written by one of the NPA's founding members, Carol Manahan.
Postdoc Careers
Links to trends and reports.
ScienceCareers.org: Postdoc Pages
A wealth of career development resources from the NPA's Job Board partner
PhDs.org ***
Searchable archive of many articles related to education (grad student and postdocs) and career resources.
This section describes various career paths a PhD scientist may choose to follow, and provides links to various sources of information related to those careers.
Self Evaluation
How to choose the right career for you.
Finding the Perfect Postdoc Position
An elegant article written by one of the NPA's founding members, Carol Manahan.
Postdoc Careers
Links to trends and reports.
ScienceCareers.org: Postdoc Pages
A wealth of career development resources from the NPA's Job Board partner
PhDs.org ***
Searchable archive of many articles related to education (grad student and postdocs) and career resources.
Tuesday, January 2, 2007
Google lover
I love google services that are creative, convenient and thoughtful.
I like to put my heart into words sometimes, and I like to share some useful resources with my friends. And Google blog is just the place.
I like to put my heart into words sometimes, and I like to share some useful resources with my friends. And Google blog is just the place.
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